. The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London. e most abrupt discordance, disturbance,and displacement. This change, too, may have taken place over amuch wider area than that now occupied by the rocks, if the lateralexpansion caused by restoring the contorted beds to their originalhorizontality be granted, thus enlarging the space within whichthinning out might have occurred. With regard to a separation from an early Tertiary period betweenthe Salt range and northern hill-regions, this seems possible. Thenature of the outer Tertiary belt suggests a shallow-water origin ; andyet i
. The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London. e most abrupt discordance, disturbance,and displacement. This change, too, may have taken place over amuch wider area than that now occupied by the rocks, if the lateralexpansion caused by restoring the contorted beds to their originalhorizontality be granted, thus enlarging the space within whichthinning out might have occurred. With regard to a separation from an early Tertiary period betweenthe Salt range and northern hill-regions, this seems possible. Thenature of the outer Tertiary belt suggests a shallow-water origin ; andyet in the Murree beds alone a thickness (which no reason exists todoubt) of a mile and a half, or nearly 8000 feet, has been observed,while 10,000 or 15,000 feet does not appear at all too much for thewhole series : but this means 2500 fathoms; and the impossibility of * Noticed by Dr. Fleming, who gives a somewhat imperfect illustrative sectionacross the inversion. See his report to Grov. of India, Journ. Asiat. Soc. , pp, 266, 267. . Plainsof M THE NEWERNORTH Mb PHYSICAL GEOLOGY OF THE UPPEB PUNJAB. 79 associating such a depth with the idea of a shallow sea or lake con-strains one to call in the aid of subsidence to account for the accumu-lation. Subsidence, however, can hardly be universal any more thanelevation ; so that an idea of limitation is suggested for the area re-ceiving the deposits and consequent denudation round the first clear evidence of this in the case before us dates from aconsiderable height in the post-Nummulitic series. 22. In conclusion it may be inferred from the foregoing observa-tions that the physical relation between the outer Himalayan lime-stones, &c, and the adjacent great Tertiary belt are obscure in theUpper Punjab, and that the local facts hardly warrant the closeapplication of arguments used to explain some similar relations inthe Simla area. Palpable unconformity has not been found alongthe regi
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