. The age of mammals in Europe, Asia and North America. Mammals, Fossil; Paleontology. 266 THE AGE OF MAMMALS and other large sheets of increasingly fresh water, while brackish lagoons are formed between Sicily and the Rhone valley. In the Congeria gravels of Austria, Callitris and the camphor trees (Camphora) as well as the acacias (Acacia) have vanished, but the secjuoias (Sequoia) and the l)amboos (Bambusa) continue. Beeches (Fagun) are much more abundant than in the preceding stages.^ Greece at this period is covered with rich pastures inhabited by enormous herds of ruminants. Fig. 133. —
. The age of mammals in Europe, Asia and North America. Mammals, Fossil; Paleontology. 266 THE AGE OF MAMMALS and other large sheets of increasingly fresh water, while brackish lagoons are formed between Sicily and the Rhone valley. In the Congeria gravels of Austria, Callitris and the camphor trees (Camphora) as well as the acacias (Acacia) have vanished, but the secjuoias (Sequoia) and the l)amboos (Bambusa) continue. Beeches (Fagun) are much more abundant than in the preceding stages.^ Greece at this period is covered with rich pastures inhabited by enormous herds of ruminants. Fig. 133. — Europe in Upper Miocene or Sarmatian (Vindobonian-Pontian) times. White = land. Ruled = sea. Dotted areas = flood plains and lagoons. After de Lapparent, 1906. and odd-toed ungulates. In no less than forty localitii^, extending from central Persia (Maragha) to western Portugal (Archino), the life of this great Upper Miocene stage has become known. Typical deposits are those of the lake-bound ^gean region of Pikermi (Fig. 134, 1) giving us the typical southern fauna of the period, closely similar to that of the Isle of Samos (2) in the J<]gean Sea, and Maragha. In Austria-Hungary are the beds of Baltavar (9). In Germany we get a glimpse of the more northerly mammals in the river gravels of Eppelsheim (40) near Darmstadt. The fauna of southwestern Europe is revealed in the deposits of Mont Leberon in Vaucluse (14), in the volcanic ash beds of Puy Courny (17) (Cantal), while further southwest are the deposits of Concud (31) in eastern Spain and Archino (32) in western Portugal. It should be said that there is a difference of opinion as to the geologic epoch in which this fauna belongs, that the German geologist Lepsius^ 1 De Saporta, G., Le Monde des Plantes avant I'Apparition de THomme, Paris, 1879, p. 375. ^ Lepsius, R., Geologie von Deutschland und den angrenzenden Gebieten, Pt. I, Stutt- gart, 1887-1892, p. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned pa
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