Ecology of sympatric populations of mule deer and white-tailed deer in a prairie environment ecologyofsympatr1989wood Year: 1989 was expressed in consistent use of a single branch of a drainage system. This was illustrated by locations of 4 marked deer observed from January 1983 through March 1985 (Fig. 13). Although those deer had overlapping winter ranges (upper end of drainage) and made common use of an alfalfa field at the confluence of the 2 branches, each essentially restricted all of its movements to either the upper or lower branch. Fig. 13. Locations of four female mule deer on the
Ecology of sympatric populations of mule deer and white-tailed deer in a prairie environment ecologyofsympatr1989wood Year: 1989 was expressed in consistent use of a single branch of a drainage system. This was illustrated by locations of 4 marked deer observed from January 1983 through March 1985 (Fig. 13). Although those deer had overlapping winter ranges (upper end of drainage) and made common use of an alfalfa field at the confluence of the 2 branches, each essentially restricted all of its movements to either the upper or lower branch. Fig. 13. Locations of four female mule deer on the Cherry Creek area from January 1983 to March 1985, illustrating fidelity of females to individual branches of a drainage system. Solid dots represent locations of 2 deer that resided in the lower fork and open circles the locations of 2 deer that resided in the upper fork of the drainage. Other studies also have found mule deer to exhibit traditional use of individual home and herd range areas. Taber and Dasmann (1958) indicated that blacktails would move to areas with high quality forage within their home range but not to areas outside their home range no matter how good the food supply. Robinette (1966) reported a situation where deer temporarily shifted their home range 3-5 km in response to a wildfire on their winter range but returned when the vegetation recovered. Emigration Movements Emigration was defined as any movement out of an area larger than the home range with no expectation of a subsequent return (Bunnell and Harestad 1983). As discussed earlier, only 7 emigrants (3 females and 4 males) were confirmed among the 110 females and 67 males that were marked (Table 13), although another 13 male fawns also were classified as emigrants because of the time and pattern of o Kilometers o 50
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