. Collected reprints / Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories [and] Pacific Oceanographic Laboratories. Oceanography 28 Reprinted from ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GEOMORPHOLOGY, Reinhold, I968 Alpine, Turkish, Persian. Himalayan, and Burmese Mountains, and the island chains of Indonesia, New Guinea, the Solomons, New Hebrides, and New Zealand. The other, the "East Asian-Cordilleran Belt" or "circum-Pacific Belt", surrounds the Pacific Ocean; its members extend from Indonesia to the Aleutian Islands, and from there to West Antarctica. Some of the island arc
. Collected reprints / Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories [and] Pacific Oceanographic Laboratories. Oceanography 28 Reprinted from ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GEOMORPHOLOGY, Reinhold, I968 Alpine, Turkish, Persian. Himalayan, and Burmese Mountains, and the island chains of Indonesia, New Guinea, the Solomons, New Hebrides, and New Zealand. The other, the "East Asian-Cordilleran Belt" or "circum-Pacific Belt", surrounds the Pacific Ocean; its members extend from Indonesia to the Aleutian Islands, and from there to West Antarctica. Some of the island arc systems are relatively simple and form a single island arc which consists of a single chain of volcanic islands. Prominent examples (see Fig. 2) are the Aleutian, the Kurile and the Mariana Island groups. With further tectonic development, double island arcs may be formed. These consist of an outer arc of sedimen- tary islands and a parallel inner arc of volcanic islands. Most of the single island arcs contain sub- merged or scattered traces of a second line (Brouwer, 00 ON I S ea ."2 'C I Q. â a w 06 ISLAND ARCS, GENERAL There are several thousand islands in the oceans of the world, many of them are part of groups or chains of islands. If these island chains describe seg- ments of an arc which are generally convex outward from the continental areas and are part of the major globe-encircling active orogenic belt systems, they are called island arcs. General Distribution and Description Island arc systems are morphologic indications of tectonic activity found roughly along two mutu- ally perpendicular great circles (Fig. 1). According to Wilson (1954), they are parts of two vast and complex zones of fracture about the earth. These zones include the major mountain chains of the continental areas and the major island arc systems of the oceanic areas. One of the major orogenic systems, the "Eurasian-Melanesian Belt", or "Medi- terraneanâTethyan Belt", in
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