. A Reference handbook of the medical sciences embracing the entire range of scientific and practical medicine and allied science . ^tion is rendered by slight fur-rows upon the articular surface of tlie femur (not clearlyshown in Fig. ) which separate a patellar surfacefrom the two condyles, and the arrangement of the liga-ments also amply confirms it; there being besides thecapsular, investing the whole joint, certain internal liga-ments which are vestiges of the original separate condi-tion. From the middle of the joint, Ijetween the twocondyles, pass downward and outward tw
. A Reference handbook of the medical sciences embracing the entire range of scientific and practical medicine and allied science . ^tion is rendered by slight fur-rows upon the articular surface of tlie femur (not clearlyshown in Fig. ) which separate a patellar surfacefrom the two condyles, and the arrangement of the liga-ments also amply confirms it; there being besides thecapsular, investing the whole joint, certain internal liga-ments which are vestiges of the original separate condi-tion. From the middle of the joint, Ijetween the twocondyles, pass downward and outward two folds of syno-vial nienibrane laid upon a thin connective tissue. Theseare the ligamenta alaiia. and they indicate the line ofseparation into three cavities. Again, there are certainVol. v.—24 bands accessory to the capsule. Externally these areknown as the lateral ligaments (Figs. 3082 and 3083), in-ternally as the crucial ligaments (Figs. 8082 and 3083). The former pass from the tuberosities of the femur tothe shaft of the tibia and the head of the fibula on eitherside; the latter are short bands arising from the FKi. —Upper Articular Surface of the (Sappey.)1. Ttie patellar groove; 2, outer edge; 3, inner- i-dLe. irss eic\atedthan the ntjicr; 4, outer condyle; 5, external lateral IiLMimetit. cut;6, sertiin nf the poplitcus muscle obliquely directed duwinvaid andniward, and covered by the external lateral liiranieiit; 7, inner c^.n-dyle; .8. Internal lateral ligament, cut; ., iiiTerrond\ lar ncleh ; 10,section of the anterior crucial ligament inserted upnn the jxisteriorpart of the inner suiface nf the external condyle ; 11, section of thepnsteriir criiiial liiraiiieiit inserted upon the anterior part of theoutei- surface of the internal condyle. on either side of the condjhir notch, to insertions in frontand behind the spine of the tibia. These accessory bandslimit and control the motion of the joint, as do similarstructures elsewhere. On com
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