. Applied thermodynamics for engineers. ecyclic process; but, though to this extent founded on error, his main conclusionswere correct. Before his death, in 1832, Carnot was led to a more just conceptionof the true nature of heat; while, left as it was, his work has been the startingpoint for nearly all subsequent investigations. The Carnot engine is the limitand standard for all heat engines. Clapeyron placed the arguments of Carnot in analytical and graphical form;Clausius expressed them in terms of the mechanical theory of heat; James Thomp-son, Rankine, and Clerk Maxwell corrected Carnots
. Applied thermodynamics for engineers. ecyclic process; but, though to this extent founded on error, his main conclusionswere correct. Before his death, in 1832, Carnot was led to a more just conceptionof the true nature of heat; while, left as it was, his work has been the startingpoint for nearly all subsequent investigations. The Carnot engine is the limitand standard for all heat engines. Clapeyron placed the arguments of Carnot in analytical and graphical form;Clausius expressed them in terms of the mechanical theory of heat; James Thomp-son, Rankine, and Clerk Maxwell corrected Carnots assumptions, redescribed thecyclic process, and redetermined the results; and Kelvin (3) expressed them intheir final and satisfactory modern form. 132. Operation of Carnots Cycle. Adopting Kelvins method,the operation on the Carnot engine may be described by referenceto Fig. 43. A working piston moves in the cylinder c, the walls of which are non-conduct-ing, while the head isa perfect piston itself isa non-conductor and. Fig. 43. Arts. 132, 138.— Operation of the Carnot Cycle. moves without friction. The body s is an infinite source of heat(the furnace^ in an actual power plant) maintained constantly atthe temperature T, no matter how much heat is abstracted from r is an infinite condenser, capable of receiving any quantity ofheat whatever without undergoing any elevation of temperatureabove its initial temperature t. The plate/is assumed to be a per-fect non-conductor. The fluid in the cylinder is assumed to beinitially at the temperature T oi the source. The cylinder is placed on s. Heat is received, but the tempera-ture does not change, since both cylinder and source are at thesame temperature. External work is done^ as a result of the recep-tion of heat; the piston rises. When this operation has continuedfor some time, the cylinder is instantaneously transferred to the non-conducting plate /. The piston is now allowed to rise from the expan-sion prod
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