The Metallographic Laboratory of the Bureau of Mines in Pittsburgh was established in April 1918. It was created to conduct cooperative work with the Inspection Division of the Ordnance Department of the Army, specifically examining metals and alloys used in ordnance. The laboratory was staffed by F. B. Laney, a United States Geological Survey employee, and Prof. Charles Y. Clayton from the University of Missouri School of Mines. Dr. F. G. Cottrell, Chief Metallurgist of the Bureau of Mines, oversaw the work.

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