. The practice of medicine; a text-book for practitioners and students, with special reference to diagnosis and treatment . astinum is bounded in front by the sternum, posteriorly bythe vertebral colimm from the lower edge of the fourth dorsal vertebradownward, and laterally by the two pleurse. Clinicians are in the habitof subdividing this space into the superior, anterior, middle, and posteriormediastinum or mediastinal spaces. The superior mediastinum is that portion of the interpleural spaceabove the upper level of the pericardium, between the manubrium stemiin front and the upper dorsal v


. The practice of medicine; a text-book for practitioners and students, with special reference to diagnosis and treatment . astinum is bounded in front by the sternum, posteriorly bythe vertebral colimm from the lower edge of the fourth dorsal vertebradownward, and laterally by the two pleurse. Clinicians are in the habitof subdividing this space into the superior, anterior, middle, and posteriormediastinum or mediastinal spaces. The superior mediastinum is that portion of the interpleural spaceabove the upper level of the pericardium, between the manubrium stemiin front and the upper dorsal vertebras behind, and bounded below by aplane passing from the junction of the manubriiun with the body of the MEDIASTINAL DISEASE 549 sternum backward to the lower border of the fourth dorsal vertebra. Itcontains the origins of the sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles, and thelower end of the longus colli; the transverse portion of the arch of the aorta;the innominate, the left carotid, and left subclavian arteries; the superiorvena cava and the innominate veins, and the left superior intercostal vein; Left Superior cava. Right bronchus Descending aorta. Dorsal vertebra. Fig. io8. — Section through Frozen Thorax at Second Interspace in Front, Looking from abovedownward, Showing Mediastinal Space. the pneumogastric, cardiac, phrenic, and left recurrent laryngeal nerves;the trachea, esophagus, and thoracic duct, and the remains of the thymusgland with lymphatics. The anterior space of the lower or clinical mediastinum is bounded infront by the sternum, posteriorly by the pericardium, and laterally by


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