. Botany of the southern states. In two parts. Part I. Structural and physiological botany and vegetable products. Part II. Descriptions of southern plants. Arranged on the natural system. Preceded by a Linnaean and a dichotomous analysis. Plants. 88 FRUIT. in the Lilac, Gladiolus, <fec. (Fig. 141.) Septifragal dehiscence is when the dissepiments separate from the valves, but adhere to the axis, as in the Convolvulus. (Fig. 142.) In sutural de- hiscence there is but one carpel, and of course no true dissepi- ments, as in the Pea and Bean. The circumscissile dehiscence occurs by a transverse
. Botany of the southern states. In two parts. Part I. Structural and physiological botany and vegetable products. Part II. Descriptions of southern plants. Arranged on the natural system. Preceded by a Linnaean and a dichotomous analysis. Plants. 88 FRUIT. in the Lilac, Gladiolus, <fec. (Fig. 141.) Septifragal dehiscence is when the dissepiments separate from the valves, but adhere to the axis, as in the Convolvulus. (Fig. 142.) In sutural de- hiscence there is but one carpel, and of course no true dissepi- ments, as in the Pea and Bean. The circumscissile dehiscence occurs by a transverse separation of the valves half round the pericarp, as in the Anagallis. This is an uncommon mode. The Plantago has a transverse dehiscence. Besides the above modes of opening, the pericarp is often ruptured, produced by a contraction of a portion of it, and holes thus formed for the emission of the seed, as in Campan- ula. An aril is an enlargement of the placenta, occurring after the impregnation of the ovule, and forming, in some cases, an additional envelope for the seed, as in the Euonymus. Mace is an aril surrounding the Nutmeg. When the two sutures sepa- rate from the valves, they form a kind of frame called replum. 151. Fruits are formed by one flower, or they may be formed by the combination of several flowers. Apocarpous fruits, pro- duced by a single flower, may be either dry or succulent. The dry fruits of this division are either dehiscent or indehiscent. An Achenium (a, privative, and chaino, I open) is an inde- hiscent, one-seeded fruit, the pericarp of which is closely ap- plied to the seed, but may be separated from it. (Fig. 143.) The true achenia are found in the Ranunculus, forming a dry Fi*- 144- Fig. 145. Fig. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Darby, John, 1804-1877.
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