Brazil and the Brazilians : portrayed in historical and descriptive sketches . e remedied. Besides the prisons now enumerated, there are places of confine-ment in the different forts; those of Santa Cruz and tbe Ilha dasCobras being the principal. Many of the prisoners are slaves, though the Brazilian law is notat all dainty as to color orcondition. In the Kelatorioof the Minister of Justicefor the year 1854-55 I findthat from the 7th of Sep-tember, 1853, to the 16thof March, 1855, forty slavesand twenty-one free per-sons (whi ch includes whitesand blacks) were, for mur-der, condemned to death
Brazil and the Brazilians : portrayed in historical and descriptive sketches . e remedied. Besides the prisons now enumerated, there are places of confine-ment in the different forts; those of Santa Cruz and tbe Ilha dasCobras being the principal. Many of the prisoners are slaves, though the Brazilian law is notat all dainty as to color orcondition. In the Kelatorioof the Minister of Justicefor the year 1854-55 I findthat from the 7th of Sep-tember, 1853, to the 16thof March, 1855, forty slavesand twenty-one free per-sons (whi ch includes whitesand blacks) were, for mur-der, condemned to punishment of four-teen of the slaves was com-muted, and that of but fourof the freemen. One department of theCasa da Correcao is appro-priated to the flogging ofslaves, who are sent thitherto be chastised for disobe-dience or for common mis-demeanors. They are re-ceived at any hour of the day or night, and retained free of expense as long as their masterschoose to leave them. It would be remarkable if scenes of extremecruelty did not sometimes occur here. A) :/:^ ^ -i. THE LOG, IRON COLLAR, AND TIN MASK. 132 Brazil and the Brazilians. The punishments of the Casa da Correcao are not, however, theonly chastisements which the refractory slave receives. There areprivate floggings; and some of the most common expiations arethe tin mask, the iron collar, and the log and chain. The last twodenote runaways; but the tin mask is often placed upon the visageto prevent the city-slave from drinking cachaQa and the country-slave from eating dirt, to which many of the field-negroes areaddicted. This mania,—for it can be called nothing else,—if notchecked, causes languor, sickness, and death. The subject of slavery in Brazil is one of great interest and hope-fulness. The Brazilian Constitution recognises, neither directlynor indirectly, color as a basis of civil rights; hence, once free, theblack man or the mulatto, if he possess energy and talent, can riseto a social position from w
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