. The depths of the ocean : a general account of the modern science of oceanography based largely on the scientific researches of the Norwegian steamer Michael Sars in the North Atlantic. "Michael Sars" North Atlantic Deep-sea Expedition (1910); Oceanography; North Atlantic Ocean. GENERAL BIOLOGY 675 single row of luminous cells in the usual epithelium, and a lens formed by the cuticula or chitinous layer of the epidermis. In squids and fishes the organs are very complicated, as we shall presently see. The object of the " Michael Sars " Expedition being mainly the investiga
. The depths of the ocean : a general account of the modern science of oceanography based largely on the scientific researches of the Norwegian steamer Michael Sars in the North Atlantic. "Michael Sars" North Atlantic Deep-sea Expedition (1910); Oceanography; North Atlantic Ocean. GENERAL BIOLOGY 675 single row of luminous cells in the usual epithelium, and a lens formed by the cuticula or chitinous layer of the epidermis. In squids and fishes the organs are very complicated, as we shall presently see. The object of the " Michael Sars " Expedition being mainly the investigation of the distribution of animals, the examination of the collections has necessarily been limited to the determina- tion of the species, and my contributions to this fascinating section of the science of marine life will largely consist in dis- cussing the distribution of animals possessing light-organs, which occur in salt water only, for no luminous animals are known from fresh water and no phosphorescence occurs there. Glandular, clearly defined, and localised light-organs are Light-organs found mainly in pelagic animals. Among bottom animals principally from the coast banks luminosity is exceed- in pelagic ingly rare, but on the other hand, many ' — ammas. bottom animals have been brought up from the abyssal region in a luminous condition, and have continued to emit light when placed in dark surroundings ^ on board (see Fig. 70, p. 88, representing a luminous umbellularian). No special luminous structure has been found in fi^ 4^2 these cases, the luminosity being attached Light-organ of sergestes chai- to the surface epithelium. As regards irl";„«:ie'rrl„le: fishes, Giinther has drawn attention to lens; </, glandular ceiis; the fact that many deep-sea forms secrete HaLen,°from'st'euer.) a large amount of slime. The heads of many deep-sea Macruridae exhibit certain pits and channels, which produce great quantities of slime. This slime is supposed to be lum
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