. Book of the Royal blue . 1 (JEW CI I AND GRADE N NORTE MOUNTAIN. abolishing the most pronounced crooksand climbs, and enabling heavier trainson curtailed schedules. The snap shotsshown illustrate the character of the im-provements between Martinsburg andHancock on the Cumberland and Har-pers Ferry division. Just across thePennsylvania State line at Fairhope, onthe Cumberland and Pittsburg division,a new tunnel and two or three steelbridges cut off a semi-circle of severalmiles and correspondingly reduce thewidely mooted twelve-mile grade thatnecessitated two engines from Cumber-land to Keyst


. Book of the Royal blue . 1 (JEW CI I AND GRADE N NORTE MOUNTAIN. abolishing the most pronounced crooksand climbs, and enabling heavier trainson curtailed schedules. The snap shotsshown illustrate the character of the im-provements between Martinsburg andHancock on the Cumberland and Har-pers Ferry division. Just across thePennsylvania State line at Fairhope, onthe Cumberland and Pittsburg division,a new tunnel and two or three steelbridges cut off a semi-circle of severalmiles and correspondingly reduce thewidely mooted twelve-mile grade thatnecessitated two engines from Cumber-land to Keystone, including the one-miletunnel at Sand Patch, in the Alleghanysummits. Already Baltimore & Ohiofreight trains have been lengthened fromtwenty-five to forty cars and pulled overthese mountain divisions with a singleengine of the new mogul pattern. Equalcuts and reductions have been made onthe celebrated division between Cumber-. THE & 0. ON THE LAKE FRONT.—SOUTH CHICAGO. land and Grafton, where the old gradesnumbered 125 feet to the mile and twentycars formerly made a mogul locomotivesnort like a surprised hippopotamus ina mucky African jungle. This is onthe Cincinnati & St. Louis line. Notless important in the Baltimore & Ohiorevolution are the new ties and rails thathave been laid on the mountain divis-ions, the rails being eighty-five poundsto the yard and thirty-three feet in lengtheach, as compared with former ones ofonly sixty-seven pounds to the yard andthirty feet long. The Royal Blue trainsrun between Washington and New Yorkin five hours over as fine a bit of trackas can be found in the world. The original Baltimore & Ohio wasa mountain, river and valley route, andin accordance with the primer engi-neering age faithfully followed natureslines. The modern engineering expert


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Keywords: ., bookauthorbaltimoreandohiorailr, bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890