. Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Institution. Archives; Discoveries in science. PEIXCrPLES OF THE MECHANICAL THEORY OF HEAT. 27o in .1 ?\vidcr glass tube; this outer tube contained enough quicksilver for the reservoir of the ether thermometer to be wholly surrounded Ijy it. This thermometer was n(»\v plunged, together with a cylindrical tube filled with air, into Oersted's compressing apparatus, which was tilled partly with water, partly with pieces of pure ice. By means of a ring of lead, care was taken to keep the wa
. Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Institution. Archives; Discoveries in science. PEIXCrPLES OF THE MECHANICAL THEORY OF HEAT. 27o in .1 ?\vidcr glass tube; this outer tube contained enough quicksilver for the reservoir of the ether thermometer to be wholly surrounded Ijy it. This thermometer was n(»\v plunged, together with a cylindrical tube filled with air, into Oersted's compressing apparatus, which was tilled partly with water, partly with pieces of pure ice. By means of a ring of lead, care was taken to keep the water of the compressing vessel free from ice at that part of the thermometer on which the readings were to be made. A pressure of , and again of atmospheres, produced a sinking of the thermometer by 7 5 7^ and 16j of the divisions of the scale, aiid thus by—'- =° F., and 71 = ° F. ; which very nearly coincides with the theoretically calculated Fig. 13. F!g. Fig. 15. 71 depression of ° and ° F. From the above developments and observations it might be expected that water under very high pressure nuist remain fluid at relatively low temperatures. That this, indeed, is the case, is confirmed by the experiments long since conducted by Williams ill'Quebec, in order to measure the force with which freezing water ex- pands. He exposed to intense cold thick iron bomb-shells, filled with water and closed by means of an iron plug firmly driven in. At a very low temperature the stopper was either driven out and then an icicle was projected from the opening, (Fig. 13,) or the bomb was burst, and in that case a sheet of ice pro- truded from the fissure, (Fig. 14.) The form of these extruded j)ieces of ice indicated conclusively that the water at a veiy low temperature still remained iluid, and was first converted into ice at the moment when it gainied additional space. In fine, Mousson has shown (Pogg. Annal., cv) that at a very low temperature ice
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