. Steel rails; their history, properties, strength and manufacture, with notes on the principles of rolling stock and track design . h a runner (Fig. 263). The fact that the Bessemer process has already passed the zenith of itsgrowth is one which has now become well recognized by metallurgists generally. Mr. Talbot has given a very clear presentation of this subject and theauthor is indebted to him for the abstract of his paper which The three main causes bringing about the supersession of the Bessemerprocess are: 1. The ever-growing scarcity of iron ores suitable either for theacid
. Steel rails; their history, properties, strength and manufacture, with notes on the principles of rolling stock and track design . h a runner (Fig. 263). The fact that the Bessemer process has already passed the zenith of itsgrowth is one which has now become well recognized by metallurgists generally. Mr. Talbot has given a very clear presentation of this subject and theauthor is indebted to him for the abstract of his paper which The three main causes bringing about the supersession of the Bessemerprocess are: 1. The ever-growing scarcity of iron ores suitable either for theacid or basic Bessemer process; 2. The superiority of the product obtained * Scientific American, December 11, 1909. f Benjamin Talbot, in the London Times Engineering Supplement, February 13, 1907. INFLUENCE OF DETAIL OF MANUFACTURE 381 by the open-hearth processes of manufacture; 3. The cheapening of the pro-duction of the steel ingot by modern open-hearth methods of manufacture.* The increasing scarcity of iron ores suitable for use in the acid Bessemerprocess is, perhaps, the most cogent of the three causes named. In the United. Fig. 263. — Charging Platform of the Open-hearth Furnaces at Gary. (Scientific American.) States, apart from the Southern States and the northern portion of New YorkState, there are practically no ores at present available for the manufacture ofpig iron suitable for the basic Bessemer process. The rivalry is, therefore,between the acid Bessemer and the basic open-hearth. The former had along lead, but the growth of the open-hearth rail manufacture has been rapidand in the immediate future the development of the open hearth will be out ofall proportion to the further development of the acid Bessemer process. f The total annual capacity for the production of open-hearth rails in the * The cheapening of the cost of scrap, while not mentioned by Mr. Talbot, has been an impor-tant factor. It should also be observed that open-hearth rails are subject to the
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