. Journal. -oxide and a portion to the metallic state. Theiron is quite unacted upon. The zinc is dissolved to the extentof one-third its original weight. The solution of caustic soda,except that it contains a certain proportion of oxide of zino insolution appears practically unaltered. 206 PRIMARY BATTERIES FOR ILLUMINATING PURPOSES. With medium and small installations accumulators are used,and the current is utilised in glow lamps which have beenspecially designed for the Newton battery. The prime cost ofa battery for supplying a current to 50 lamps of 10 candle-power each, with a current of
. Journal. -oxide and a portion to the metallic state. Theiron is quite unacted upon. The zinc is dissolved to the extentof one-third its original weight. The solution of caustic soda,except that it contains a certain proportion of oxide of zino insolution appears practically unaltered. 206 PRIMARY BATTERIES FOR ILLUMINATING PURPOSES. With medium and small installations accumulators are used,and the current is utilised in glow lamps which have beenspecially designed for the Newton battery. The prime cost ofa battery for supplying a current to 50 lamps of 10 candle-power each, with a current of 40 amperes and an of15 volts, is put at 90Z. 9s., and its maintenance for 130 hours at4£. 7s., which is equal to Is. 9d. per lamp for 130 hours light. The Newton battery is illustrated in figs. 2 and 3, fig. 2showing a complete battery of forty-two primary cells, togetherwith eight accumulators, which are arranged on the top of theframework. By starting with nine of the cells, the accumula- Fig. tors are charged at an of five volts, and the current isregulated by means of an automatic switch, the remainingcells being gradually added as the potential falls. Fig. 3 isan enlarged view, showing the details of the cell. The DHumy Battery. The next battery for notice in the order of its appearancebefore the public is that of Mr. P. R. dHumy, which wasbrought out in August last. In this battery, which is knownas the water primary battery, the positive element is iron inthe form of a grid, so that a large surface of metal is exposedwithin a small compass. The negative element is carbon,and is immersed in nitric acid, the positive element beingimmersed in water. The cell is divided up into compart- PRIMARY BATTERIES FOR ILLUMINATING PURPOSES. 207 ments by porous diaphragms, and the acid percolating throughthe diaphragms permeates and acidulates the water in whichthe iron electrodes are placed. The installation inspected bythe author represents on a small scale a cent
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