. Biology of the seas of the Marine biology -- Soviet Union; Hydrology -- Soviet Union. THE BARENTS SEA 171 bottom crustaceans, as for example Gymnacanthus tricuspis, Icelus bicornis, Aspidophoroides olriki, Triglops pingeli and Lycodes pallidus. Still others thrive almost exclusively on bottom crustaceans, as Myoxocephalus quadri- comis, Lycodes seminudus and L. agnostus; some feed equally on benthic and pelagic organisms (crustaceans) like Careproctus reinhardti and Liparis major; and finally a fifth group lives exclusively on pelagic crustaceans, as for example Gadus poutassou and
. Biology of the seas of the Marine biology -- Soviet Union; Hydrology -- Soviet Union. THE BARENTS SEA 171 bottom crustaceans, as for example Gymnacanthus tricuspis, Icelus bicornis, Aspidophoroides olriki, Triglops pingeli and Lycodes pallidus. Still others thrive almost exclusively on bottom crustaceans, as Myoxocephalus quadri- comis, Lycodes seminudus and L. agnostus; some feed equally on benthic and pelagic organisms (crustaceans) like Careproctus reinhardti and Liparis major; and finally a fifth group lives exclusively on pelagic crustaceans, as for example Gadus poutassou and Ammodytes Diet of herring and some other plankton-eating fish. Herring, caplin, Boreogadus saida and bass are the most characteristic plankton-eating fish of the Barents Sea. The southwestern parts of the Sea are the best feeding grounds for pelagic fish, and the eastern ones for benthos feeders. In the western part of the Sea even cod feeds mainly on pelagic organisms and in the eastern one on benthos. During the summer (as was shown by Yu. Boldovsky, 1941) herring fattens on Calanus finmarchicus, Thysanoessa inermis and 77?. raschi, which form no less than 90 per cent of the zooplankton consumed by it. Herring fry thrives on unicellular algae and on the larvae of various animals, but when a year old it begins to feed first on Calanus and then on Euphausiacea (Fig. 71). The dependence of the rate of growth of a herring on the plankton (B. Manteufel, 1941) can be shown by comparing the amount of plankton with the growth of the herring during the first year of its life {Table 76). Fig. 71. Mean annual ranges of feeding of Mur- man herring in gubas of Murman Peninsula (Bold- ovsky). 1 Calanus finmar- chicus ; 2 Cirripedia larvae; 3 Euphausiaceae; 4 Poly- chaete larvae; 5 Others. Table 76 Year 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 Average plankton biomass, mg/m3 at the entrance to Motovsky Gulf in June 350 100 Increase in length of herring in the first year of life, mm 8-55 7-71 320
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