Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution . y (Dairen), onthe Liaotung Peninsula, with a short branch to Yingkow. Anotherrunning southeast reaches Antung at the mouth of the Yalu River,which it crosses by means of a magnificent steel bridge, and is con-tinued in Korea as the Chosen Railway. A third, which is really acontinuation of the first, runs north to Changchun, where it makesconnection with the Changchun-Kirih Railway, and a branch of theChinese Eastern Railway which runs south from Harbin. The mainline of the Chinese Eastern Railway runs from Vladivostok to Ma
Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution . y (Dairen), onthe Liaotung Peninsula, with a short branch to Yingkow. Anotherrunning southeast reaches Antung at the mouth of the Yalu River,which it crosses by means of a magnificent steel bridge, and is con-tinued in Korea as the Chosen Railway. A third, which is really acontinuation of the first, runs north to Changchun, where it makesconnection with the Changchun-Kirih Railway, and a branch of theChinese Eastern Railway which runs south from Harbin. The mainline of the Chinese Eastern Railway runs from Vladivostok to Man- MANCHURIA—SOWERBY. 459 chouli through Ninguta, Harbin and Hailar. The Liao River is notnavigable except for light-draft native boats, but of this type ofcraft it carries a considerable number. Fengtien is given almost entirely to cultivation, maize, wheat,sorghum, millet, beans, and, of late years, rice being the main cerealsgrown. A considerable amount of tobacco is grown, while silk is ex-tensively cultivated in the hills of the south and southeast, the silk-. ? o Scale 1/ , zoo IQOStt o )Q 20° 30° Kilometres Fig. 1. Railways . - -Sketch map of Manchuria, prepared from the Manchuria sheet of the 1/5 M Asia. worms being fed on scrub oak specially grown for the purpose. Theraw silk is extensively exported to Shantung, where it is manufac-tured into the famous pongee. All attempts to induce the silk weaversof Shantung to settle in Manchuria have failed. The Japanese Government has had schemes for inducing her ownnationals to settle on land along the railway lines controlled by her;but this also has proved a failure, probably owing to the inability ofthe Japanese peasants to compete favorably with the local Chinesefarmers. 460 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1919. To the east of Fengtien lies the beautiful and fertile Province ofKirin, or Chi Lin, meaning clear forest. At least a third as largeagain as Fengtien, this Province supports at present a f
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