. Railroad construction, theory and practice; a text-book for the use of students in colleges and technical schools . Fig. 108.—Sheffield CENTER SECTION r:^ END SECTION. Illustrating should beplaced on ties andmanner of fastening FiQ. 109.—Climax Cattle-guard (tile). which is often urged indiscriminately against all such designs, isthe liability that a brake-chain which may happen to be drag-ging may catch in the rough bars which are used. The bars § 229. CULVERTS AND MINOR BRIDGES. 263 are sometimes home-made/* of wood, as shown in Fig. guards may be mad


. Railroad construction, theory and practice; a text-book for the use of students in colleges and technical schools . Fig. 108.—Sheffield CENTER SECTION r:^ END SECTION. Illustrating should beplaced on ties andmanner of fastening FiQ. 109.—Climax Cattle-guard (tile). which is often urged indiscriminately against all such designs, isthe liability that a brake-chain which may happen to be drag-ging may catch in the rough bars which are used. The bars § 229. CULVERTS AND MINOR BRIDGES. 263 are sometimes home-made/* of wood, as shown in Fig. guards may be made as shown in Fig. 108. The generalconstruction is the same as for the wooden bars. The metalbars have far greater durability, and it is claimed that they aremore effective in discouraging cattle from attempting to Cattle-passes. Frequently when a railroad crosses afarm on an embankment, cutting the farm into two parts, therailroad company is obliged to agree to make a passagewaythrough the embankment sufficient for the passage of cattle andperhaps even farm-wagons. If the embankment is high enoughso that a stone arch is practicable, the initial cost is the onlygre


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