. Atlas of clinical surgery; with special reference to diagnosis and treatment for practitioners and students. of the knee joint. Similar swelling occursin tuberculous hydrops, the simplest form of tubercu-lous joint disease. Effusion into the joint often pre-cedes the arthritis and is recognized by halottementof the patella, which is raised from the femoralcondyles by the fluid in the joint. The fluid isgenerally sero-fibrinous, with numerous free ricebodies. More common than the fibrous form isfungoid arthritis, which may go on to suppurationand cause much destruction in and around the joint
. Atlas of clinical surgery; with special reference to diagnosis and treatment for practitioners and students. of the knee joint. Similar swelling occursin tuberculous hydrops, the simplest form of tubercu-lous joint disease. Effusion into the joint often pre-cedes the arthritis and is recognized by halottementof the patella, which is raised from the femoralcondyles by the fluid in the joint. The fluid isgenerally sero-fibrinous, with numerous free ricebodies. More common than the fibrous form isfungoid arthritis, which may go on to suppurationand cause much destruction in and around the all forms of tuberculous arthritis of the knee, thejoint is in a position of flexion and valgus. Themuscles of the leg become atrophied, and there isretarded growth of the leg. In Fig. 128, the joint was resected and all tuber-culous tissue removed. The articular ends of both 339 bones were extensively diseased and the cartilagesdestroyed. In resection of the articular surfaces itis necessary to saw the bones so that the limb can bebrought into a straight position. 340 Bockenlieimer, Atlas. Tab. , Nmv \oik. TUBERCULOSIS TESTIS (Tubercuhxh of the Testicle)Plate CII, Fig. Ui). Tuberculosis of the testicle begins in the epididymisand extends to the testicle. It often affects bothtesticles. There is often tuberculosis of the bladder,kidneys and seminal vesicles, and nearly always pul-monary tuberculosis. In the early stages of the dis-ease hard nodules are felt in the testicle. Later onthese nodules become soft and fixed to the skin,which breaks down and forms a typical tuberculousulcer (Fig. 129). In advanced cases there may beseveral ulcers and fistulas in the scrotum, dischargingcaseous pus. The spermatic cord is usually thick-ened, and the seminal vesicles can sometimes be feltenlarged by rectal examination. The prostate isseldom affected by tuberculosis. Fig. 129 shows extensive disease of the left testicleand epididymis. The skin is thin in sev
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