. Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11. Forests and forestry. 188 AMERICAN HOLLY. Ilex opaca, Ait. FAMILY AND GENUS DESCRIPTION—The Holly family, Aqulfoliaceae, comprises 3 genera witli about 290 species of small trees and shrubs distributed in temperate and tropical regions. Two genera. Ilex and Nemopanthus, are native to Pennsylvania. The former genus Is repre- sented by 5 species and the latter by 1 species. Two of the 5 species of the genus Ilex are described below. The Mountain Holly, Nemopanthus mucroaata, is usually a shrub rarely over 10 ft. in height. FOSM—Usually a
. Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11. Forests and forestry. 188 AMERICAN HOLLY. Ilex opaca, Ait. FAMILY AND GENUS DESCRIPTION—The Holly family, Aqulfoliaceae, comprises 3 genera witli about 290 species of small trees and shrubs distributed in temperate and tropical regions. Two genera. Ilex and Nemopanthus, are native to Pennsylvania. The former genus Is repre- sented by 5 species and the latter by 1 species. Two of the 5 species of the genus Ilex are described below. The Mountain Holly, Nemopanthus mucroaata, is usually a shrub rarely over 10 ft. in height. FOSM—Usually a small tree reaching a height of 15-30 ft., but may attain a height of 50 ft. with a diameter of 3 feet. It i.^ small In the North, but becomes larger in the South. Trunli short and bears slender, spreading and ascending branches which form a conic crown. BARK—Close, white or grayish or yellowish-brown, up to i of an Inch in thickness, becoming rough with age. TWIGS—Rather slender finely rusty hairy, but soon become smooth and light brown, covered by a few inconspicuous lenticels. BUDS—Alternate; terminal one present and pointed; lateral ones are short, blunt-pointed, and somewhat downy. LEAVES—Alternate, simple, evergreen, thicli, mostly smooth, flat, oval, with wavy margin and spiny teeth. Petioles are short, stout, and often hardy. Midrib is very prominent on the lower surface of the leaf. LEAF-SCARS—Alternate, semi-oval, rather conspicuous, with raised margin containing solitary bundle-scars. FLOWERS—Appear from April to June. The staminate and pistillate usually occur on different trees. The staminate are 2-9 on a common sialic while the pistillate are usually solitary. FRUIT—A bright red drupe, about the size of a pea, smooth, shining, persisting far into winter; containing a light brown nutlet with usually 4 ribs. WOOD—DifTuse-porous; with distinct and colorless medullary rays; challiy-whlte In color, medium in weight, hard, tough, not strong, close-gr
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