Iraq: Posthumous representation of the polymath Ibn al-Haytham, known in Medieval Europe as Alhazen or Alhacen (965 - c. 1040). By Sopianwar (CC BY-SA License). Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥasan ibn al-Ḥasan ibn al-Haytham (Latinised: Alhacen or Alhazen) was a Muslim, Persian or Arab scientist and polymath. He is frequently referred to as Ibn al-Haytham, and sometimes as al-Basri, after his birthplace in the city of Basra. Alhazen made significant contributions to the principles of optics, as well as to physics, astronomy, mathematics, ophthalmology, philosophy and to the scientific method.

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