. Building salt marshes along the coasts of the continental United States. Marsh ecology; Marshes. Figure 23. Pacific cordgrass in flower. Hollow air-filled tissue in the stem carries oxygen from the leaves to roots and rhizomes. This mechanism also introduces oxygen into the soil surrounding the root and rhizome system. It tolerates salt by excreting it through salt glands. Two forms of Pacific cordgrass have been identified in San Francisco: a medium, stout form ( to meters high), which grows in the lower zone, and a dwarf ( to meter high), which occurs mixed with pickleweed at
. Building salt marshes along the coasts of the continental United States. Marsh ecology; Marshes. Figure 23. Pacific cordgrass in flower. Hollow air-filled tissue in the stem carries oxygen from the leaves to roots and rhizomes. This mechanism also introduces oxygen into the soil surrounding the root and rhizome system. It tolerates salt by excreting it through salt glands. Two forms of Pacific cordgrass have been identified in San Francisco: a medium, stout form ( to meters high), which grows in the lower zone, and a dwarf ( to meter high), which occurs mixed with pickleweed at higher elevations (Kasapligil, 1976). It is not known whether these forms have a genetic basis or are due to environmental features. Short-term field tests (Harvey, 1976) suggest that the two forms react differently to elevation. The dwarf form was able to sur- vive transplanting at a higher elevation than the stout form. Reproduction in established stands is vegetative through extensive underground stems (rhizomes). Seed production is erratic and usually limited in old, dense stands. It may be substantial in newly establish- ed stands or along margins. Seeds are important for spreading the plant into new or freshly disturbed areas (Mason, 1976). The capacity of Pacific cordgrass to grow lower in the tidal range than any other marsh species makes it especially valuable in marsh build- ing. It provides downs lope protection and grows where its detritus is readily transferred to the estuary by tidal action. The association of 54. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Woodhouse, W. W. (William Walton), 1910-. Ft. Belvoir, Va. : U. S. Army, Corps of Engineers, Coastal Engineering Research Center
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