A practical treatise on urinary and renal diseases : including urinary deposits . e further shown, that in the centre of a uricacid nucleus, there is often a microscopic clump of dumb-bellsof oxalate of lime. Calculi composed of alternate layers of oxalate of lime anduric acid, are more common than those composed of oxalate oflime alone. These layers may form complete concentric cap-sules, or be partial and imperfect. In the latter case the con-cretion is amenable to the solvent and disintegrating action of 260 GRAVEL AND CALCULUS. the alkaline carbonates ; in the former it is wholly beyond th
A practical treatise on urinary and renal diseases : including urinary deposits . e further shown, that in the centre of a uricacid nucleus, there is often a microscopic clump of dumb-bellsof oxalate of lime. Calculi composed of alternate layers of oxalate of lime anduric acid, are more common than those composed of oxalate oflime alone. These layers may form complete concentric cap-sules, or be partial and imperfect. In the latter case the con-cretion is amenable to the solvent and disintegrating action of 260 GRAVEL AND CALCULUS. the alkaline carbonates ; in the former it is wholly beyond thepower of such solvents. Oxalate of lime is insoluble in alkaline carbonates andorganic acids ; but it dissolves in nitric and muriatic heated before the blow-pipe, it first blackens, and finallyleaves a bulky white ash of caustic lime, which blues moistenedlitmus paper. During the formation of oxalate of lime calculi, the urineis always acid. 4. Cystine.—Gravel and calculi of cystine belong to the rarerspecies of urinary concretions. They are usually found in the. Fig. 44. Cystine calculi spontaneously voided. bladder as large calculi, but sometimes they are dischargedspontaneously as gravel. I have in my collection two examplesof pure cystine calculi passed spontaneously. (See Fig. 44.)One of them is a small lenticular mass weighing a grain and ahalf. The other is cylindrical in shape, an inch and a quarterin length, and weighing twenty-seven grains. Both have acrystalline granular surface and a light yellow vesical calculi of cystine attain a weight of threeor four ounces. They are usually egg-shaped, of a full honey-yellow colour, mamillated on the surface, and lustrous, as ifstudded with minute crystals. When cut into, they show aradiated structure, and an obscurely transparent brilliance likeyellow bees-wax. They are usually composed of pure cystine,unmixed with any other substance. Sometimes they have anucleus of uric acid. In a specimen in
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