Fishes . bout four hundred the Columbia they ascend as far as the Bitter Root and Saw- ooo Salmonidas tooth mountains of Idaho, and their extreme limit is not is a distance of nearly a thousand miles. In the Yukona few ascend to Caribou Crossing and Lake Bennett, 2250 these great distances, when the fish have reached the spawn-ing grounds, besides the usual changes of the breeding seasontheir bodies are covered with bruises, on which patches of whitefungus [Saprolcgnia) develop. The fins become mutilated,their eyes are often injured or destroyed, parasitic worms ga
Fishes . bout four hundred the Columbia they ascend as far as the Bitter Root and Saw- ooo Salmonidas tooth mountains of Idaho, and their extreme limit is not is a distance of nearly a thousand miles. In the Yukona few ascend to Caribou Crossing and Lake Bennett, 2250 these great distances, when the fish have reached the spawn-ing grounds, besides the usual changes of the breeding seasontheir bodies are covered with bruises, on which patches of whitefungus [Saprolcgnia) develop. The fins become mutilated,their eyes are often injured or destroyed, parasitic worms gatherin their gills, they become extremely emaciated, their fleshbecomes white from the loss of oil; and as soon as the spawningact is accomplished, and sometimes before, all of them ascent of the Cascades and the Dalles of the Columbiacauses the injury or death of a great many salmon. When the salmon enter the river they refuse to take bait,and their stomachs are always found empty and Fio. 227.—Red Salmon (mutilated dwarf male, after spawning), Oticorhynchusnerka (Walbaum). Alturas Lake, Idaho In the rivers they do not feed; and when they reach the spa\-ing grounds their stomachs, pyloric coeca and all, are said tobe no larger tlian ones finger. They will sometimes take thefly, or a hook baited with salmon-roe, in the clear waters of theupper tributaries, but this is apparently solely out of annoyance,snapping at the meddling line. Only the quinnat and blue-back(there called redfish) have been found at any great distancefrom the sea, and these (as adult fishes) only in late summerand fall. The spawTiing season is probably about the same for all thespecies. It varies for each of the different rivers, and for differentparts of the same river. It doubtless extends from July to
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