. The microscopy of vegetable foods, with special reference to the detection of adulteration and the diagnosis of mixtures . Heineck: Beitrag zur Kenntniss des feineren Baues der Fruchtschalen der Compositen. Giessen. 1890. iq8 oil seeds. KoBUS: Kraflfutter und seine Verfalschung. Landw. Jahrb. 1884. 13, : Uebcr den Bau der trockenen Pcrikarpien. Leipzig. 1866,: Oelliefernde Kompositenfriichle. Landw. 1894, 43, 441. MADIA SEED. Common tarweed, known in Chill as Madi {Madia saliva Mol.),is one of severa species of this genus natives of th
. The microscopy of vegetable foods, with special reference to the detection of adulteration and the diagnosis of mixtures . Heineck: Beitrag zur Kenntniss des feineren Baues der Fruchtschalen der Compositen. Giessen. 1890. iq8 oil seeds. KoBUS: Kraflfutter und seine Verfalschung. Landw. Jahrb. 1884. 13, : Uebcr den Bau der trockenen Pcrikarpien. Leipzig. 1866,: Oelliefernde Kompositenfriichle. Landw. 1894, 43, 441. MADIA SEED. Common tarweed, known in Chill as Madi {Madia saliva Mol.),is one of severa species of this genus natives of the Pacific coast of Northand South America. It is cultivated as an oil seed in parts of the Ameri-can continent and more extensively in Germany. The slender, ribbed achenes, 4-8 mm. long, 2 mm. wide at the apextapering to the base, are borne in heads 3-6 cm. in diameter. Theachenes are usually light in color, but sometimes are nearly black. HISTOLOGY. Pericarp (Fig. 155, F; Fig. 156). i. Epicarp (ep). The cellsare longitudinally elongated, variable in size, with colorless, distinctlybeaded walls and a thickened Fig. 155. Madia (Madia saliva). Cross section of fruit. F pericarp consists of epepii ;irj),//y hypoderm, 6r pigment plates,/ fiber bundles, vi partitions, and p paren-chyma; 5 spcrmoderm, with i? raphe; JS endosperm; C cotyledon containing <j/alcuronegrains. X160. (Winton.) 2. TTypolerm (hy). Thin-walled more or less collapsed cells formthe second layer. 3. Pigment Plates (br). As in niger seed and some varieties of sim-flowcr, tlic fil)cr Ijundles are covered with dark-colored ])lates of a ma-terial insoluble in all the common reagents, including boiling alkali. Insurface view the markings, resembling those of a tortoise shell, which arcdue to the variable thickness of the pigment material, and the rows of MADIA SEED. 199 minute pores appearing as light spots in the dark field, make this layerthe most striking in the fruit. 4. Fiber Bundles (/). The fibers
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