Notices of the proceedings at the meetings of the members of the Royal Institution of Great Britain with abstracts of the discourses . olecule takesthe CI of the second molecule, and so on (Fig. 2). Then the mole- 1904.] on Development of the Theory of Electrolytic Dissociation. 555 cules turn round under the influence of the electric force, so thatwe get the scheme 3 and a new decomposition can take place. Thisrepresents the Grotthuss scheme, that supposes continuous decom-positions and recombinations of the salt molecules. As such exchanges of ions between the molecules take placeeven under
Notices of the proceedings at the meetings of the members of the Royal Institution of Great Britain with abstracts of the discourses . olecule takesthe CI of the second molecule, and so on (Fig. 2). Then the mole- 1904.] on Development of the Theory of Electrolytic Dissociation. 555 cules turn round under the influence of the electric force, so thatwe get the scheme 3 and a new decomposition can take place. Thisrepresents the Grotthuss scheme, that supposes continuous decom-positions and recombinations of the salt molecules. As such exchanges of ions between the molecules take placeeven under the influence of the weakest electromotive forces, Clau si usconcluded that they must also take place if there is no electric force, no current at all. In favour of his hypothesis he pointed tothe fact that Williamson, as far back as 1852, in his epoch-makingtheory of the formation of ethers, assumed an analogous exchange ofthe constituents of the molecules. At this exchange of ions it mightsometimes, though extremely rarely, happen that an ion becomes freein the solution for a short time; at least such a conception would be. Fig. 3. in good agreement with the mechanical theory of heat, as it wasdeveloped by Kronig, Maxwell, Clausius and others at that time. In the meantime, Bouty, and particularly Kohlrausch worked outthe methods of determining the electric conductivity of salt 1884 I published a memoir on this subject. I had found that ifone dilutes a solution— of zinc sulphate—its conductivity permolecule, or what is called its molecular conductivity, increases notinfinitely, but only to a certain limit. We may figure to ourselves anexperiment performed in the following manner (Fig. 3). In a troughwith parallel walls there are placed close to two opposite sides twoplates of amalgamated zinc, E Ex. On the horizontal bottom of thevessel there is placed a layer of solution of zinc-sulphate that reachesthe level 1. The conductivity may be After this has
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