. The Canadian field-naturalist. Natural history; Sciences naturelles. 308 The Canadian Field-Naturalist Vol. 120. subsp. australis subsp. amehcanus Figure 1. Glumes of Phragmites austi-alis. The smaller on the right of each attached pair is the lower glume, whereas the longer glume on the left of each pair is the upper glume. The subspecies australis on the left has short- er lower glumes as represented by three examples from an inflorescence of a specimen from Dundas County (Catling andRobichaud, 10 Oct. 2002, DAO). On the right are three pairs from an inflorescence of subspecies americanus
. The Canadian field-naturalist. Natural history; Sciences naturelles. 308 The Canadian Field-Naturalist Vol. 120. subsp. australis subsp. amehcanus Figure 1. Glumes of Phragmites austi-alis. The smaller on the right of each attached pair is the lower glume, whereas the longer glume on the left of each pair is the upper glume. The subspecies australis on the left has short- er lower glumes as represented by three examples from an inflorescence of a specimen from Dundas County (Catling andRobichaud, 10 Oct. 2002, DAO). On the right are three pairs from an inflorescence of subspecies americanus from Leeds and Grenville County {Catling and Kostiuk, 30 Aug. 2003, DAO) showing its characteristically longer lower glumes. ling 2003). More recent work based on correlation with basal stem color and date of collection (Saltonstall et al. 2004; Catling and Mitrow in press) has supported the separation using mm for length of longer glumes, this separation being correct ( correlated with other diagnostic features) of the time (Figure 1). Most recently (Catling 2006) the following key has been rec- ommended for distinguishing the two subspecies: Basal intemodes red or reddish-purple; longer lower glumes mm long subspecies americanus Basal intemodes pale yellow; longer lower glumes () mm long subspecies australis For the study reported here undertaken in 2003, we used a length of mm or more to identify the native subspecies americanus and mm or less to identify the introduced subspecies australis in a survey of four adjacent geographic townships (Figure 2): Rus- sell (°N, °W), Osgoode (°N, °W), North Gower (''N, °W) and Marlborough (°N, °W). Hybrid- like or intermediate clones were not observed during this study but several were located subsequently in townships to the north. The survey was conducted in May 2003 at which time the persistent flowering stalks of the previous year we
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