. The structure and classification of birds . is tobe found. It may be that the osuncinatum should have been de-scribed as one of cartilaginous bonesof the cranium. In some birds (tina- Fig. 76.—Hyoid op Latha-mous, Menura, Psophia, and Arhori- Z^a^t)!^^ ^^™ cola) there is a set of supraorbital 6, basmyal; », hypobranohlal; *,-I . ,-, T .. -, ceratobrauchial; «, urohyal; e, bones margining the orbits above. entoglossum;^, parahyal;c,oon- The base of the brain case is protected by a large basitemporal, which has sometimes ( Apteryx)a long rostrum in front. The maxillae are sometimes sepa-ra
. The structure and classification of birds . is tobe found. It may be that the osuncinatum should have been de-scribed as one of cartilaginous bonesof the cranium. In some birds (tina- Fig. 76.—Hyoid op Latha-mous, Menura, Psophia, and Arhori- Z^a^t)!^^ ^^™ cola) there is a set of supraorbital 6, basmyal; », hypobranohlal; *,-I . ,-, T .. -, ceratobrauchial; «, urohyal; e, bones margining the orbits above. entoglossum;^, parahyal;c,oon- The base of the brain case is protected by a large basitemporal, which has sometimes ( Apteryx)a long rostrum in front. The maxillae are sometimes sepa-rate from each other, and at times united across the middleline by more or less extensive ossifications, of which a pro-minent one, and with the appearance of a separate bOne,is the maxillo-palatine. The premaxillaries in front of thesesend back a long process extending as far as the nasals.,2. To this category, perhaps, belong the squa,mosal, See under Cariama, Tubinares, Steganopodes, Musopbagi, where cross,references will be 138 STRUCTURE AND CLASSIFICATION OF BIRDS referable to the auditory capsule, and the nasals above andthe vomers below to the nasal capsule. The vomers areoften paired bones, and near to them are other small andindependent ossifications, such as the septomaxillaries (seeunder Passeres) and the mediopalatines (see under Cuckoos).Connected with the eye—ossified, indeed, in th-e sclerotic—isthe sclerotic ring. 3. As membranous ossifications connected with or inthe neighbourhood of the visceral arches are the pterygoidsand palatines of the first arch, and perhaps the quadrato-jugal and jugal, connecting the quadrate with the pterygoids are, as a rule, style-like bones, flat, however,in the penguins, and may or may not articulate with thebasis cranii by means of the basipterygoid processes. Thepalatines may be completely separate from each other, orfused for a greater or less extent. They are broader ornarrower, as the case may be.
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectbirds, bookyear1898
