Outlines of the world's history, ancient, mediæval, and modern, with special relation to the history of civilization and the progress of mankind .. . nvestigate math-ematical and scientific questions. Among the greatest ofthese may be mentioned Roger Bacon, an English monk. 2^2 MEDIEVAL HtSTORV. and Albertus Magnus, both of whom lived in the 13th cen-tury. For the times in which they Uved these men madewonderful advances in true knowledge; and each had to paythe penalty of being in advance of his age, for both Baconand Albertus were punished as magicians. 186. One of the most interesting chapt
Outlines of the world's history, ancient, mediæval, and modern, with special relation to the history of civilization and the progress of mankind .. . nvestigate math-ematical and scientific questions. Among the greatest ofthese may be mentioned Roger Bacon, an English monk. 2^2 MEDIEVAL HtSTORV. and Albertus Magnus, both of whom lived in the 13th cen-tury. For the times in which they Uved these men madewonderful advances in true knowledge; and each had to paythe penalty of being in advance of his age, for both Baconand Albertus were punished as magicians. 186. One of the most interesting chapters in the intel-Saracenic Icctual history of Europe during the Middle learning. Agcs is that of the Arabian contributions to science. The Saracens instituted universities, observatories,public libraries, and museums; they collected together allthe remains of Greek and Alexandrine learning, and throughtheir medium the greater number of Greek and Latin authorswhich were read during the Middle Ages were known toEurope. It may also be noted that a noble order of archi-tecture, of which the Alhambra presents us a fine specimen,was created by Court of Lions, Alhambra. LITERATURE, SCIENCE, AND ART. 283 187. In the loth century we hear of Spain, under theSaracens, as a center of learning ; and it is Saracenic , , 1 , r 1 • • <• schools in there that we must look for the origin of sev- Spain,eral sciences that have commonly been attributed to othernations. It is from them that we received our mode ofnotation, called the Arabic figures ; and the terms algebra, alcohol, alchemy, zenith, nadir, etc., all of whichare Arabic, attest the influence of that remarkable people onthe science of the Middle Ages. It is well known that tothe researches of the Saracenic alchemists we owe thebeginnings of chemistry, — a science which the Arabianscultivated with success ; and the first work on the subjectwith which we are acquainted was written by Yeber-Abou-Moussah-Djafer-al-Sofi, w
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