Diseases of children for nurses . estimated by means of an instrumentcalled a hemoglobinometer. There is a prism of colored glass so arranged that one-half of a small circular receptacle stands above it, con-taining clear water. The other half contains dilutedblood. By means of a reflected light and the movableprism, which is graded from a light to a deep reddish hue,the two sides are so adjusted that they will be of the sameshade. The percentage is read from a small scale attachedto the sliding prism. Normal blood will read 100 per cent,on this instrument. The specific gravity of the blood is
Diseases of children for nurses . estimated by means of an instrumentcalled a hemoglobinometer. There is a prism of colored glass so arranged that one-half of a small circular receptacle stands above it, con-taining clear water. The other half contains dilutedblood. By means of a reflected light and the movableprism, which is graded from a light to a deep reddish hue,the two sides are so adjusted that they will be of the sameshade. The percentage is read from a small scale attachedto the sliding prism. Normal blood will read 100 per cent,on this instrument. The specific gravity of the blood is obtained byplacing a drop of blood in a fluid mixture of knownspecific gravity. When the drop remains stationary thespecific gravity is the same as the mixture. DISEASES OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM 177 Normal blood contains 5,000,000 red blood corpusclesto a cubic millimeter. At birth there are about 18,000, and later in childhoodfrom 6,000 to 12,000 white blood-corpuscles to a cubicmillimeter. The specific gravity is about Fig. 46.—Thoma-Zeiss hemocytometer : a, Slide used in counting; b, sectional view;c, portion of ruled bottom of well; d, red pipet; e, white pipet. Anemia is a condition of the blood in which it is de-ficient in quantity or in one or more of its constituents. It is evidenced by pallor of the skin and mucous mem-brane, and by progressive weakness. Iron is used as theremedy, its action tending to increase the percentage ofiron in the depleted hemoglobin. Pernicious anemia is a grave form of anemia character-ized by a great deficiency in the number of red blood-corpuscles, and not associated with any definite causallesion. Plethora, is an increase in the whole quantity of blood. 178 DISEASES OE CHILDREN FOR NURSES Leukocytosis is an increase in the number of whiteblood-corpuscles. Leukemia is a disease characterized by a great increasein the number of white blood-corpuscles, with lesions ofthe spleen, lymphatic glands, and bone-marrow. Chlorosis is a d
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