. Bonner zoologische Monographien. Zoology. 38. Fig. 17. Ciadogram based on hemipenis characters. Black rectangles: synapomorphies, open rec- tangles: symplesiomorphies. 1: chameleonid manus and pedes, 2: extensile tongue, 3: calyces pre- sent (open) or absent (black), 4: dual aspect of apical ornamentation, 5: quadruple aspect of apical ornamentation, 6: crests, 7: horns, 8: four rotulae ornamentation, 9: pedunculi and auriculae or- namentation, 10: multi-rotulae ornamentation. Shading: separation of Madagascar and Africa. P: Malagasy Brookesia species; Q: African Brookesia species; R: Malaga
. Bonner zoologische Monographien. Zoology. 38. Fig. 17. Ciadogram based on hemipenis characters. Black rectangles: synapomorphies, open rec- tangles: symplesiomorphies. 1: chameleonid manus and pedes, 2: extensile tongue, 3: calyces pre- sent (open) or absent (black), 4: dual aspect of apical ornamentation, 5: quadruple aspect of apical ornamentation, 6: crests, 7: horns, 8: four rotulae ornamentation, 9: pedunculi and auriculae or- namentation, 10: multi-rotulae ornamentation. Shading: separation of Madagascar and Africa. P: Malagasy Brookesia species; Q: African Brookesia species; R: Malagasy and Seychelles Chamaeleo species: C. brevicornis c. s., C. gastrotaenia c. s., C. nasutus c. s., C. parsonii c. s. and C. tigris; S: Malagasy and Comores Chamaeleo species: C. bifidus c. s., C. lateralis c. s., C polleni c. s., C. pardalis c. s. and C. rhinoceratus c. s.; T: African Chamaeleo species except those of C. chamaeleon c. s. (= U). Although it is not possible to define the Chamaeleonidae with the help of hemipenis characters (it may even prove to be impossible), the family can be defined easily and unambiguously by other apomorph characters, that are unequally shared by all members. These characters are the highly modified manus and pedes and the extensile tongue (characters 1 and 2 in Fig. 17). It is surprising, therefore, that in hterature numerous apomorph characters are hsted that are supposed to characterize the Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Bonn, Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig
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