. Bulletin - United States National Museum. Science. MUSCULAR SYSTEM OF THE RED HOWLING MONKEY 23 they are attached to a bony prominence formed by the pyramid of the palatine (pars palatopharyngea might be a proper denomination). These fibers swing dorsally toward their insertion on the basilar proc- ess of the occipital (fig. 5). They leave a space between the upper border of the constrictor and the base of the skull, the upper pharyn- geal hiatus, through which the auditory tube enters the pharnyx. This part was completely absent in one male and appears in the female as shown in figure 8. (2
. Bulletin - United States National Museum. Science. MUSCULAR SYSTEM OF THE RED HOWLING MONKEY 23 they are attached to a bony prominence formed by the pyramid of the palatine (pars palatopharyngea might be a proper denomination). These fibers swing dorsally toward their insertion on the basilar proc- ess of the occipital (fig. 5). They leave a space between the upper border of the constrictor and the base of the skull, the upper pharyn- geal hiatus, through which the auditory tube enters the pharnyx. This part was completely absent in one male and appears in the female as shown in figure 8. (2) Pars buccopharyngea follows part (1) and is represented by bundles Avith origin in the poorly defined ptery-. FiGURE 8.—Muscles of the pharynx (1, m. constrictor pharyngis inferior, pars tracheo- pharyngea; 2, m. constrictor pharyngis inferior, pars cricopharyngea; 3, m. constrictor pharyngis inferior, pars thyropharyngea; 4, m. constrictor pharyngis medius, pars mem- branacea; 5, m. constrictor pharyngis medius, pars linguahs; 6, m. constrictor pharyngis superior, pars glossopharyngea; 7, m. constrictor pharyngis superior, pars bucco- pharyngea). gomandibular raphe and even sometimes in the inner surface of the mandibular ramus (pars mylopharyngea) (fig. 8). As for the ptery- gopharyngeal fibers, they also run back toward the base of the cranium. (3) Fascicles coming from the sides of the tongue have their origin reaching the tip of this organ in three males (see Schon, 1964a, figs. 2, 3, 4), but reaching only the level of its root in another male and the female (fig. 8). They form pars glossopharyngea and run dorsally to. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original United States National Museum; Smithsonian Institution; United States. Dept. of the Interior. Washington : Smithsonian Institution Pres
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