Domestic architecture of the American colonies and of the early republic . eems to have depended on the use of special bricks for fac-ing2—the Flemish bond being preferred in this case because of its greater propor-tion of stretchers. In Jamestown English bond is found in the tower of the church, 1 William and Mary College Quarterly, vol. 15 (1907), p. 212. 2 Innocent, English Building Construction, p. 151. 42 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY built 1639-1647, and in the walls of the houses excavated there, 1662-1666; but inthe Warren house at Smiths Fort, built in 1651 or 1652, Flemish bond is used, an
Domestic architecture of the American colonies and of the early republic . eems to have depended on the use of special bricks for fac-ing2—the Flemish bond being preferred in this case because of its greater propor-tion of stretchers. In Jamestown English bond is found in the tower of the church, 1 William and Mary College Quarterly, vol. 15 (1907), p. 212. 2 Innocent, English Building Construction, p. 151. 42 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY built 1639-1647, and in the walls of the houses excavated there, 1662-1666; but inthe Warren house at Smiths Fort, built in 1651 or 1652, Flemish bond is used, andit appears in the chimney at Fairfield, 1692. In New England the Usher-Royallhouse, throughout its brick ends, has three courses of stretchers followed by oneof headers. In Philadelphia Flemish bond was used from the establishment of thecity, at least in the best houses such as the Penn house and the Slate House. In form, although some of the simpler brick houses did not differ essentiallyfrom the better ones of wood, other types appeared as pretensions increased. As. Figure 23. The Slate House, PhiladelphiaFrom the original drawing for Watsons Annals of Philadelphia, 1830Courtesy of the Library Company of Philadelphia in wooden houses, an elongated rectangular mass with a steep gable roof was was not uncommon to have but two rooms on a floor, as in the houses at James-town (figure 17), the Warren house (figure 18), and, originally, the Usher-Royallhouse (figure 19). Of these the W^arren house had one full story, the Usher housetwo. While two-story houses presumably grew more numerous as time went onand means increased, others of a single story continued to be built. A basementpartly above ground appears in the Warren and Sergeant houses and in BaconsCastle. 43 AMERICAN DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE An elaboration of such a plan as that of the Usher house appears in BaconsCastle, surely before 1676 (figures 20, 21). There is a projecting entrance with aporch chamber, and a
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1920, booksubjectarchite, bookyear1922
