. The principles and practice of dental surgery. ening, withtwo lateral prolongations, one on each side, extending to theteeth, to which they are fastened by means of ligatures. Thiswas also found to be objectionable, as the ligatures were produc-tive of constant irritation to the gums; moreover, they did nothold the plate in place with sufficient stability, and its use wassoon abandoned. But these objections were both obviated, aswe have stated in another place, by an improvement made by , which consists in the employment of clasps, insteadof ligatures attached to lateral branches
. The principles and practice of dental surgery. ening, withtwo lateral prolongations, one on each side, extending to theteeth, to which they are fastened by means of ligatures. Thiswas also found to be objectionable, as the ligatures were produc-tive of constant irritation to the gums; moreover, they did nothold the plate in place with sufficient stability, and its use wassoon abandoned. But these objections were both obviated, aswe have stated in another place, by an improvement made by , which consists in the employment of clasps, insteadof ligatures attached to lateral branches of the plate ; to preventthese from slipping too high up upon the teeth, he attached toeach a kind of spur, which was so bent as to come down over thegrinding surface of the tooth to which it was applied. The lastnamed author, also, made another modification, which consistedin the application of a drum to the upper surface of the plate(Fig. 301). The object of this was to prevent the accumulation 834 ARTIFICIAL OBTURATORS AND PALATES. Fig. of mucous fluids from the nose, in the cul-de-sac, formed by sim-ply closing the opening below; also to prevent fluids, in swal-lowint^, from passing up between the obturator and soft parts,through the opening into the nose. The manner of constructing an obturator, with a drum uponits upper surface, is as follows: First take an impression of the entire palatine vault and al-veolar ridge in wax. Fromthis, a plaster model and metal-lic dies are procured, in themanner described in a formerchapter; a gold plate is thenswaged between the two last,a little larger than the open-ing in the palate, with a broadarm on each side, extendingto the bicuspid or molar tooth, to which a broad clasp is fittedand soldered. Secondly, an impression of the opening in thevault of the palate is taken with wax, properly softened andplaced upon the upper surface of the palate plate, using theprecaution to prevent forcing it up too far through the aper-ture ; thi
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