. Coast watch. Marine resources; Oceanography; Coastal zone management; Coastal ecology. influence — ebbed and flowed. The erosive energy of sea and wind wore down Legged Lump and Royal Shoal islands. The islands disappeared, but the vision of an Audubon sanctuary program lived on. : Different pressures, Solutions Earth Day 1970 rekindled environmen- tal awareness across the country. Market hunters were long gone from the scene by the mid-1970s, but coastal develop- ment was beginning to crowd out nesting habitat. Pollution, the use of pesticides and other human disturbances also threatened re
. Coast watch. Marine resources; Oceanography; Coastal zone management; Coastal ecology. influence — ebbed and flowed. The erosive energy of sea and wind wore down Legged Lump and Royal Shoal islands. The islands disappeared, but the vision of an Audubon sanctuary program lived on. : Different pressures, Solutions Earth Day 1970 rekindled environmen- tal awareness across the country. Market hunters were long gone from the scene by the mid-1970s, but coastal develop- ment was beginning to crowd out nesting habitat. Pollution, the use of pesticides and other human disturbances also threatened resident and migrating bird populations. Scientists, however, never lost sight of the need to protect coastal resources that support marine and wildlife. "Human disturbance is the number one concern," says James Parnell, a retired University of North Carolina at Wilmington zoology professor. For more than a decade, beginning in the 1970s, Sea Grant funded much of Parnell's benchmark research. "When human disturbances get too much, they ; It was Parnell who first realized the importance of man-made dredge spoil islands that dot the Intracoastal Waterway and the state's estuaries. These islands provide nesting habitats for large colonies of waterbirds that used to nest along once undeveloped beachfront. His 1982 work with Audubon focused on Battery Island and Striking Island, near Wilmington. Audubon leased the complex from the state to study bird sanctuary management methods. Parnell and graduate students looked at population dynamics, the birds' reproductive biology and nest site characteristics. They also looked at ways to manipulate the habitat to produce a stable, long-term environment for the birds — from ground-nesting terns to thicket-nesting herons. Battery Island/Striking Island pilot projects became part of Audubon's renewed Coastal Island Sanctuary System. In 1989, Walker Golder was appointed manager of the system that now includes 20 islan
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