. Diseases of cereal and forage crops in the United States in 1921. Grain Diseases and pests United States; Forage plants Diseases and pests United States. 2l8 OATS - Stem rust Stem rust caused by puccinia graminis Pers. Stem rust evidently was not as generally distributed as crown rust, as will be seen by the accompanying map (Fig. 'jG). Neither did the stem rust cause such great reductions in yield. However, it was quite generally present in the more northern oat-?:,romug states. In the extreme South the stem rust seems to be much less important than the crown rust, while in the northern sta
. Diseases of cereal and forage crops in the United States in 1921. Grain Diseases and pests United States; Forage plants Diseases and pests United States. 2l8 OATS - Stem rust Stem rust caused by puccinia graminis Pers. Stem rust evidently was not as generally distributed as crown rust, as will be seen by the accompanying map (Fig. 'jG). Neither did the stem rust cause such great reductions in yield. However, it was quite generally present in the more northern oat-?:,romug states. In the extreme South the stem rust seems to be much less important than the crown rust, while in the northern states, stem rust did the greatest damage. In Michigan and South Dakota, for instance, stem rust is reported to have reduced the crop by 10%, while in Minnesota the loss was about (See map, ^Fig. ^^^^ losses.) Stem rust was found by Butler and Christopher on PMLaris caroliniana and Lemnodia. arkansana in Texas and Oklahoma. Apparently both of the oat rusts are quite generally distributed on these hosts in the South. A rather remarkable fact in connection with the distribution of these two rusts is brought out by Edgerton who states that he never has seen stem rust in Louisiana, although crown rust sometimes makes it impossible to grov/ oats successfully in that state. No explanation can be offered for this except that from the results of studies so far made in the rust epidemiology • v/ork, it seems that the urediniospores of crown rust are capable of over- wintering more easily than are those of stem rust. Differences in varietal susceptibility possibly may account for the distribution of the two Fig. 56. Losses from stem rust of oats, I92I. ..It scarcely seems that temperature relations are the factor, since stem rust is sometimes fairly heavy in Texas. In the northern states V/hite Russian oats are very resistant. The ordinary spreading panicle oats very frequently are heavily rusted while adja- cent fields of ^Thite Russian are practically free from rust
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