A dictionary of Greek and Roman . 4 ; Cod. ix. tit. 8.) As to the phrase Patria Majestas, see PatriaPotestas. (The history of Majestas is givenwith great minuteness by Rein, Das Criminalrechtder Romer. A brief view of the subject is verydifficult to give.) [G. L.] MAJORES. [Infans.] MALLEUS, dim. MALLEOLUS (jtaurrfy:a-fpupa, dim. (T(pvpiou), a hammer, a mallet, wasused much for the same purposes in ancient as inmodern times. When several men were strikingwith their hammers on the same anvil, it was amatter of necessity that they should strike in time,and Virgil accordingly says o
A dictionary of Greek and Roman . 4 ; Cod. ix. tit. 8.) As to the phrase Patria Majestas, see PatriaPotestas. (The history of Majestas is givenwith great minuteness by Rein, Das Criminalrechtder Romer. A brief view of the subject is verydifficult to give.) [G. L.] MAJORES. [Infans.] MALLEUS, dim. MALLEOLUS (jtaurrfy:a-fpupa, dim. (T(pvpiou), a hammer, a mallet, wasused much for the same purposes in ancient as inmodern times. When several men were strikingwith their hammers on the same anvil, it was amatter of necessity that they should strike in time,and Virgil accordingly says of the Cyclopes, Interse brachia tollunt in numerum.^ (Georg. iv. 174 ;Am. viii. 452.) The scene which he describes isrepresented in the annexed woodcut, taken from anancient bas-relief, in which Vulcan, Brontes, andSteropes, are seen forging the metal, while thethird Cyclops, Pyracmon, blows the bellows. ( 425.) Beside the anvil-stand [Incus] is seenthe vessel of water, in which the hot iron or bronzewas immersed. (Ib. v. 450, 451.). But besides the employment of the hammerupon the anvil for making all ordinary utensils,the smith (xaAfcevs) wrought with this instrumentfigures called epya crcpvp^XaTa (or 6\o(T<pvpr)Ta,Brunck, Anal. ii. 222), which were either smalland fine, some of their parts being beaten as thinas paper and being in very high relief, as in thebronzes of Siris [Lorica], or of colossal propor-tions, being composed of separate plates, rivettedtogether: of this the most remarkable examplewas the statue of the sun of wrought bronze (acpv-p-qXaros KoAocrcros, Theocrit. xxii. 47 ; paiarripo-Koma, Philo, de 7 Spectac. 4. p. 14, ed. OrelL),seventy cubits high, which was erected in remarkable production of the same kindwas the golden statue of Jupiter (Strabo, viii. ; Plat. Phaedr. p. 232, Heindorf), which waserected at Olympia by the sons of Cypselus. By other artificers the hammer was used in con-junction with the chisel [Dolabra], as b
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