. Electric railway journal . lectors, together withthe general use of white enamel paint for car-bodyinteriors. This latter, in several cases has beenfound to increase the utility of illumination by morethan 50 per cent over that obtained with an interiorfinished in yellow or green and, as a consequence,the interior painting of electric cars shows a de-cided tendency toward the use of white. In general, for such modern lighting systems, energy consumptions appear to range as low asfrom 1 watt to watts per square foot of floor,leaving an average effective illumination at thereading plane, 4
. Electric railway journal . lectors, together withthe general use of white enamel paint for car-bodyinteriors. This latter, in several cases has beenfound to increase the utility of illumination by morethan 50 per cent over that obtained with an interiorfinished in yellow or green and, as a consequence,the interior painting of electric cars shows a de-cided tendency toward the use of white. In general, for such modern lighting systems, energy consumptions appear to range as low asfrom 1 watt to watts per square foot of floor,leaving an average effective illumination at thereading plane, 42 in. above the floor, of from4 foot-candles to 7 foot-candles at normal minimum permissible average illumination inthis plane appears to range from 2 foot-candles to3 foot-candles, these figures providing for a voltagevariation of 15 per cent or 20 per cent from normal. Diffusing devices which are provided for thelamp and which in general are reflectors as wellas diffusers, are available in many types and styles. Modern Lighting System Installed in Old Car and they provide for all classes of illuminationfrom direct to indirect. Popular approval, how-ever, seems definitely to have settled upon thesemi-direct system with the use of translucent orclear-prismatic reflectors that are sufficiently deepto prevent the lamp filament from being seen exceptfrom directly below. The principle of this arrangement is, obviously,to direct the greater part of the light downwardonto the reading plane, since the eyes of passen-gers are protected from vertical rays by their hatsand eyebrows. At the same time a material amountof soft, diffused light is transmitted through theso-called reflectors, and this prevents glare andviolent contrasts. Some opposition to the use of 612 ] ELECTRIC RAILWAY JOURNAL [ Heating and Lighting
Size: 1296px × 1929px
Photo credit: © Reading Room 2020 / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, bookpublishernewyorkmcgrawhillp
