. The story of American democracy, political and industrial . t counted 5,308,483, or more than a third thepopulation of the British Isles at that time. Ofthe total, a fifth were slaves. Two thirds of theWhites were north of Mason and Dixons line,and nine tenths of the whole population dwelteast of the mountains. The land was untamed, — forests Populationand its dis-tributionin 1800 THE WESTWARD MARCH 343 hardly touched, and minerals undisturbed. Even in thecoast district, settlement had only spotted the primevalwilderness; and rough fishing hamlets marked havenswhere now bristle innumerable m
. The story of American democracy, political and industrial . t counted 5,308,483, or more than a third thepopulation of the British Isles at that time. Ofthe total, a fifth were slaves. Two thirds of theWhites were north of Mason and Dixons line,and nine tenths of the whole population dwelteast of the mountains. The land was untamed, — forests Populationand its dis-tributionin 1800 THE WESTWARD MARCH 343 hardly touched, and minerals undisturbed. Even in thecoast district, settlement had only spotted the primevalwilderness; and rough fishing hamlets marked havenswhere now bristle innumerable masts and great bulk of the people lived in little agriculturalvillages or in the outlying cabin farms. Less than onetwentieth were urban. By the first census (1790), onlysix towns had six thousand people: Philadelphia, 42,500;New York, 32,000; Boston, 18,000; Charleston, 16,000;Baltimore, 14,000; and Providence, 6000. By 1800these figures had risen to 70,000, 60,000, 24,000, 20,000,26,000, and 8000. The first three cities had begun to pave. Movement of Centers of Population (O) and Manufactures (+). TheCensus Bureau did not determine the center of manufactures for 1910. their streets with cobblestones, to light them with dimlyflaring lamps, and to bring in wholesome drinking waterin wooden pipes; but police systems and fire protectionhardly existed, and the complete absence of sewers resultedin incessant fevers and plagues. Washington was a villageof contractors and workmen, living in sheds and boardinghouses. The westward march of our population had barely 1800 the center of population was eighteen miles westof Baltimore. Ten years before, it had been forty- The west-one miles farther east. The half million people west ^^^ marchof the mountains dwelt still in four or five isolated groups,all included in a broad, irregular wedge of territory with its 344 THE AMERICA OF 1800 apex reaching not quite to the Mississippi (map, facing page258). The greater
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