Men and thought in modern history . XI Karl Marx and Socialism ..... 149 CONTENTS. PAGE CHAPTER XII COBDEN AND FREE TRADE . . .165 CHAPTER XIIIDarwin and Modern Science .... 179 CHAPTER XIVHerbert Spencer and Individualism . . 191 CHAPTER XVBismarck and Blood and Iron . . 205 CHAPTER XVI Gambetta and Republicanism .... 217 CHAPTER XVIIGladstone and Liberalism ..... 231 CHAPTER XVIIIDisraeli and Conservatism .... 245 CHAPTER XIXChamberlain and Imperialism .... 261 CHAPTER XXTolstoy and Pacifism ..... 275 CHAPTER XXI Matthew Arnold and Education . . 289 CHAPTER XXII William Morris and the Relati
Men and thought in modern history . XI Karl Marx and Socialism ..... 149 CONTENTS. PAGE CHAPTER XII COBDEN AND FREE TRADE . . .165 CHAPTER XIIIDarwin and Modern Science .... 179 CHAPTER XIVHerbert Spencer and Individualism . . 191 CHAPTER XVBismarck and Blood and Iron . . 205 CHAPTER XVI Gambetta and Republicanism .... 217 CHAPTER XVIIGladstone and Liberalism ..... 231 CHAPTER XVIIIDisraeli and Conservatism .... 245 CHAPTER XIXChamberlain and Imperialism .... 261 CHAPTER XXTolstoy and Pacifism ..... 275 CHAPTER XXI Matthew Arnold and Education . . 289 CHAPTER XXII William Morris and the Relation of Art to Life 303 CHAPTER XXIII Woodrow Wilson and the League of Nations . 317 CHAPTER XXIVH. G. Wells and Futurism ..... 333 There is a history in all mens livesFiguring the nature of the times deceased; .The ivhich observed a man may prophesy,With a near aim, of the main chance of thingsAs yet not come to life, which in their seedsAnd weak beginnings lie things become the hatch and brood of ROUSSEAU. MEN AND THOUGHT INMODERN HISTORY Chapter I. ROUSSEAU AND HUMAN RIGHTS. JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU was not the first philo-sopher to expound doctrines concerning humanequality, the fundamental rights of mankind, andthe contractual nature of human society, whichare the three principal political ideas associated withhis name. There are more persuasive statementsof those doctrines than are to be found in his writ-ings. But he may be taken as the most famous, andperhaps by reason of the wide influence of his works themost important, of those who have penetrated beneath law,government, custom, morals, religion, to determine what itis that man in justified in claiming by virtue ofhis humanity, and what is the nature of his relation tothe political organism of which he is a part. Sir HenryMaine was of opinion that the world has not seen morethan once or twice in all the course of history a literaturewhich has exercised such prodigious influence over them
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