. The American fruit culturist. ew during theoperation, are : i. To avoid cuttingoff large limbs except in cases ofabsolute necessity. 2. To admitlight equally into all parts of thetree by thinning out the To remove all crooked or badlygrowing limbs, and reserve a hand-some evenly distributed top. 4. Todo the work gradually, or in successive years, and commenc-ing by preference at the top or centre, which will favor anopen top. 5. To give a coating on all fresh wounds an inchor more in diameter, of the composition made of shellac dis-solved in alcohol, just thick enough to be of th
. The American fruit culturist. ew during theoperation, are : i. To avoid cuttingoff large limbs except in cases ofabsolute necessity. 2. To admitlight equally into all parts of thetree by thinning out the To remove all crooked or badlygrowing limbs, and reserve a hand-some evenly distributed top. 4. Todo the work gradually, or in successive years, and commenc-ing by preference at the top or centre, which will favor anopen top. 5. To give a coating on all fresh wounds an inchor more in diameter, of the composition made of shellac dis-solved in alcohol, just thick enough to be of the consistenceof paint. The surface should be allowed to remain uncovereda few days after the cut is made, in order to become handle of the brush being inserted in the cork, it is keptair-tight in drying, and alway ready; but fine sand, brick dust,or powdered chalk, mixed with warm gas-tar, is a good appli-cation and much cheaper. Grafting-wax does well, and maybe applied with a brush when melted, or in the form of thick. Fig. 148.—Limb properly cutat A ; improperly at B. io6 PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF PRUNING. plasters. Thick white lead paint is the best single material,however. Pruning-saws are required for this work, which shouldalways be kept sharp and in good condition; those made withcoarse teeth on one edge, and slightly finer on the other, will 149.—Two-edg-e Pruning Saw. be found most handy (Fig. 149)- , For trimming branches notover one inch in diameter onthe more inaccessible parts ofthe trees, a powerful cutting-shears on the end of a polehas been devised, which is ex-tremely useful (Figs. 150 and151).Pjuning the Peach.—No tree requirescontinued pruning so much as the is a strong tendency in the ter-minal buds to push upward and outward,at the expense of the side-shoots, whichsoon dying, the tree ultimately is com-posed of long, bare poles with onl)^ tuftsof leaves at their extremities (Fig. 152).It is well known that young trees bearlarge,
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