. The human body and health : an elementary text-book of essential anatomy, applied physiology and practical hygiene for schools . y smallpox. During the same yearsPrussia compelled vaccination, and lost only 8500 bysmallpox. To-day smallpox is a rare disease, because vaccinationproperly performed absolutely prevents it. In the small-pox epidemic of 1902 in Philadelphia none of the 50vaccinated nurses caring for the smallpox patients tookthe disease. In Germany, where the law compels everyperson to be vaccinated twice, the deaths from smallpox 288 THE PREVENTION OF DISEASE are only one twentie
. The human body and health : an elementary text-book of essential anatomy, applied physiology and practical hygiene for schools . y smallpox. During the same yearsPrussia compelled vaccination, and lost only 8500 bysmallpox. To-day smallpox is a rare disease, because vaccinationproperly performed absolutely prevents it. In the small-pox epidemic of 1902 in Philadelphia none of the 50vaccinated nurses caring for the smallpox patients tookthe disease. In Germany, where the law compels everyperson to be vaccinated twice, the deaths from smallpox 288 THE PREVENTION OF DISEASE are only one twentieth as great in proportion to the popu-lation as they are in the United States. Every one, unlessin ill health, should be vaccinated in infancy and again inthe twelfth year or oftener if near a case of smallpox. Hydrophobia^ likely to develop from the bite of a rabiddog, may be prevented by taking the Pasteur treatment, which consists inseveral vaccinationswith weak hydropho-bia germs. Antitoxins. — Othermeans of preventingsome diseases or cur-ing them are by usingantitoxins securedfrom the Blood the. Fig. 194. — Germs of diphtheria. Photographed through the microscope. domesticDiphtheriais secured horse by inoculatingit several times at intervals of a day or more withsome broth in which diphtheria germs have been grow-ing and have given off their poisons, called the broth is used the germs are removed by afilter. Each successive dose given the horse is in-creased, and to overcome these constantly larger quan-tities of poison, it develops in its tissues a substanceknown as antitoxin. This occurs abundantly in itsblood, a gallon or more of which is later drawn froma vein in its neck. After the corpuscles are allowed tosettle, the clear part, called serum, containing the anti- HOSPITALS AND SANATORIA 289 toxin, is put up in tubes and sent out to physicians toprevent and cure diphtheria. Antitoxin does not affect the heart, as many people s
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