. The Canadian field-naturalist. Natural history. 238 The Canadian Field-Naturalist Vol. 115 Lynx Records Sighting ** Specimen ® Tracks. 100 Kilometers Figure 2. Type and distribution of spatially referenced Canada Lynx occurrence records in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, 1940-1997. Track Surveys The wolf track count survey was initiated in 1992, however, coverage was primarily limited to the west- ern Upper Peninsula during the first two years. Coverage across the Upper Peninsula began in 1994 and has been relatively consistent since then. The most complete documentation for the extent of t
. The Canadian field-naturalist. Natural history. 238 The Canadian Field-Naturalist Vol. 115 Lynx Records Sighting ** Specimen ® Tracks. 100 Kilometers Figure 2. Type and distribution of spatially referenced Canada Lynx occurrence records in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, 1940-1997. Track Surveys The wolf track count survey was initiated in 1992, however, coverage was primarily limited to the west- ern Upper Peninsula during the first two years. Coverage across the Upper Peninsula began in 1994 and has been relatively consistent since then. The most complete documentation for the extent of this survey is from 1999. Observers spent approximately 1500 person hours searching 8555 km (Figure 3) of roads and trails for wolf and other predator sign. Effort was similar during 1994-1998. No lynx tracks have ever been found in the wolf track count efforts. The furbearer track count survey was initiated in 1997 when 163 km of roads and trails were searched. In 1998, survey effort more than doubled with 402 km of roads and trails searched (Figure 3). No lynx tracks were found on the furbearer track count routes in 1997 or 1998. Residency Status Verified records show that lynx have been present, at least periodically, in the Upper Peninsula during the period of 1940-1997. Extensive track count efforts, results of mandatory check of Bobcats, and the paucity of recent records indicate that lynx are currently absent or very rare in the Upper Peninsula. However, an important question is whether or not a small resident population of Canada Lynx exists. The U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (1998) defines a resi- dent population as "a group or subgroup of lynx in an area or portion of a larger area that is capable of long- term persistence, based on self-sustaining reproduc- tion of young and successful recruitment of young into the breeding age cohort, without immigration of lynx from ; Thus, the two important elements of a resident population are long-term persist
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