. Atoll research bulletin. Coral reefs and islands; Marine biology; Marine sciences. 15 Wave Characteristics: Tide-Gauge Records Satellite altimetry recorded typical open-ocean height increases of + m two hours after the earthquake (NOAA, 2005a). Merrifield et al. (2005) have detailed tide gauge observations from 23 Indian Ocean stations, recording typical amplitudes of to m at relatively sheltered port and harbor locations in Indonesia (, Fig. 9), Australia and East Africa (for selected stations see Fig. 10) but with peak water levels of m in the Maldives (Fig. 11) and
. Atoll research bulletin. Coral reefs and islands; Marine biology; Marine sciences. 15 Wave Characteristics: Tide-Gauge Records Satellite altimetry recorded typical open-ocean height increases of + m two hours after the earthquake (NOAA, 2005a). Merrifield et al. (2005) have detailed tide gauge observations from 23 Indian Ocean stations, recording typical amplitudes of to m at relatively sheltered port and harbor locations in Indonesia (, Fig. 9), Australia and East Africa (for selected stations see Fig. 10) but with peak water levels of m in the Maldives (Fig. 11) and a maximum amplitude of m at Colombo, Sri Lanka (Fig. 11). To the east of the rupture, the tsunami signal was initially seen in the form of a wave trough. Thus at Sibolga, western Sumatra, a drop of m (Merrifield et al., 2005) to m (Kawata et al., 2005) was observed initially, then followed by a water-level rise of m. This sequence was followed by a trend of falling sea level, totalling m over the next two hours prior to a dramatic rise in water level of m. A series of oscillations with an amplitude of over 1 m characterized the succeeding six-hour period (Fig. 9; Kawata et al., 2005). 300 SIBOLGA (01 45N ; 98 46E), 10 min data at 26 Dec 2004. 10 12 Time 14 16 18 20 22 24 BAKOSURTANAL - INDONESIA Figure 9. Water-level variations (10-minute interval) at Sibolga, western coast of Sumatra. December 26, 2004 (after Kawata et al., 2005).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Smithsonian Institution. Press; National Research Council (U. S. ). Pacific Science Board; Smithsonian Institution; National Museum of Natural History (U. S. ); United States. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. Washington, D. C. : [Smithsonian Press]
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