Assyrian Genocide, Assyrian Refugees, 1919
Assyrian Christians driven from homes in North Persia are seen waiting beside a railroad on a Mesopotamia desert for transport them to suitable points of refuge. The Assyrian genocide refers to the mass slaughter of the Assyrian population of the Ottoman Empire and those in neighboring Persia by Ottoman troops during the WWI, in conjunction with the Armenian and Greek genocides. The Assyrian civilian population of upper Mesopotamia was forcibly relocated and massacred by the Ottoman (Turkish) army, together with other armed and allied Muslim peoples, including Kurds, Chechens and Circassians, between 1914 and 1920, with further attacks on unarmed fleeing civilians conducted by local Arab militias. Unlike the Armenians, there were no orders to deport Assyrians. The attacks against them were not of standardized nature and incorporated various methods of massacre; in some cities, all Assyrian men were slain and the others were forced to flee. Photographed by Underwood & Underwood, August 13, 1919.
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