. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. LILIACEAE 443 Herm. Miiller (Vosges and Alps), the humming-bird hawk-moth (Macioglossa stellatarum Z.); also lo other sp. of Lepidoptera in the Alps. Knuth (gardens at Kiel) saw the same hawk-moth flying continuously from flower to flower, and pollinating a large number. Delpino observed a hawk moth, probably Deilephila euphorbiae L. 2723. L. bulbiferum L. (Sprengel, op. cit., p. 189; Herm. Miiller, ' Alpen- blumen,' pp. 45-7 ; Focke, ' Beob. an Feuerlilien'
. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. LILIACEAE 443 Herm. Miiller (Vosges and Alps), the humming-bird hawk-moth (Macioglossa stellatarum Z.); also lo other sp. of Lepidoptera in the Alps. Knuth (gardens at Kiel) saw the same hawk-moth flying continuously from flower to flower, and pollinating a large number. Delpino observed a hawk moth, probably Deilephila euphorbiae L. 2723. L. bulbiferum L. (Sprengel, op. cit., p. 189; Herm. Miiller, ' Alpen- blumen,' pp. 45-7 ; Focke, ' Beob. an Feuerlilien'; Neubert, Tagebl. 52. Vers. D. Natf. in Baden-Baden, 1879; Kerner, op. cit., II, p. 461; Knuth, op. cit.)—The flowers of this species are adapted for pollination by butterflies. In spite of the flame-coloured perianth, which gleams very brightly in sunshine, the odourless blossoms very rarely attract butterflies to the nectar abundantly secreted in the nectar- grooves of the perianth leaves. Anthers and stigma mature simultaneously and are at the same level; the latter is slightly bent down below the former. A lepidopterid. Fig. 395. Liliiini bulbi/erufn, L. (after Herm. Miiller). A. Partly dissected flower (x 5). B. Basal part of a perianth leaf (x ij). C Transverse section through the base of a perianth leaf ( X 54). h^ nectar-groove ; hi}^ hairs closing do.; /, ridges bearing do.; w, nectary; j/, stigma. alighting on the lower perianth-leaf and probing thence for nectar will first brush against the stigma and then touch the anthers, thus regularly effecting cross- pollination. Should insect-visits fail, automatic self-pollination is sometimes possible by contact of anthers and stigma ; this, however, is rare or ineffective. Neubert says that the species is always self-sterile. Focke (Ost. Bot. Zs., VVien, xxvii, 1878) describes the variety croceuvi Chx. as self-sterile, and infertile even when dusted with pollen from plants of the same origin, being only fertile when the
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