lombardic architecture cathederal and campanile at pisa campanile is, especially in Italy, a free-standing bell tower, often ad
campanile is, especially in Italy, a free-standing bell tower, often adjacent to a church or cathedral. The word derives from the Italian campanile, from campana (bell). The most famous campanile is probably the Leaning Tower of Pisa. Other notable examples include St Mark's Campanile in St Mark's Square, Venice. Campaniles outside of Italy are often modeled after St Mark's. At the beginning of the nineteen eighties the theme Campanile was revised by H. R. Hiegel and Florian Mausbach. After a spectacular design by architect Hiegel dating from the year 1983, in 1990 Helmut Jahn built the Frankfurt Messeturm. Modern campaniles often contain carillons, a musical instrument traditionally composed of at least 23 large bells which are sounded by cables, chains, or cords connected to a keyboard. These can be found at some college and university campuses. In modern construction, rather than using heavy bells the sound may be produced by the striking of small metal rods whose vibrations are amplified electronically and sounded through loudspeakers.
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