. European history : an outline of its development. legendary age. Government inHomer. The two great Greek states. The peculiarities of Spartangovernment. Its military and communistic features. Why were thesefeatures necessary? Spartan conquests and military reputation. Earlyhistory of Athens. Its democratic tendency. Points of contrast be-tween Athens and Sparta. The code of Draco. The reforms ofSolon and of Cleisthenes. What was a tyrant in the Greek sense? Topics for Assigned Studies Lycurgus and the Spartan government. Grote, Part II., Chap. , Vol. I., Chap. XV. Curtius, Book II., C
. European history : an outline of its development. legendary age. Government inHomer. The two great Greek states. The peculiarities of Spartangovernment. Its military and communistic features. Why were thesefeatures necessary? Spartan conquests and military reputation. Earlyhistory of Athens. Its democratic tendency. Points of contrast be-tween Athens and Sparta. The code of Draco. The reforms ofSolon and of Cleisthenes. What was a tyrant in the Greek sense? Topics for Assigned Studies Lycurgus and the Spartan government. Grote, Part II., Chap. , Vol. I., Chap. XV. Curtius, Book II., Chap. I. PlutarchsLife of Lycurgus. Fling, Studies, No. 3. The Greek tyrant. Grote, Part II., Chap. IX. Curtius, Book II.,Chap. I. Mahaffy, Problems in Greek History, Chap. IV. The Greek colonies. Curtius, Vol. I., Book II., pp. 432-500. Holm,Vol. I., Chap. XXI. Grote, Vol. HI., Chap. XXII. Greekcolonies and English colonies are compared in Freemans lecture,Greater Greece and Greater Britain (Macmillan). l|r^ ,..,• i. I., o 1,, ? - \. r I ).. Coin of Elis with Figure of Zeus CHAPTER II THE STRUGGLE OF GREECE WITH PERSIA AND ITS RESULTS 21. The Beginning of the Persian Wars. — Hardly hadthe constitution of Athens assumed its democratic formwhen the state was called upon to take a foremost part inthe desperate struggle of the European Greeks, to keepthemselves from absorption in the great Oriental empire ofthe Persians which had been created by Cyrus and his suc-cessors. The independence of the Greek cities of AsiaMinor had somewhat earlier been destroyed by the Lydianking, Croesus, but his kingdom was now annexed by thePersians, the Greek cities included. About the year 500 a revolt of the Ionian cities of AsiaMinor occurred, and the xMhenians sent a force to aid them,either because of their relationship to them, or because theyalready feared an extension of the Persian control to revolt was for a time successful. The Greeks burnedSardis, the Persian capital of
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