James Mapes, American Chemist
James Jay Mapes (May 29, 1806 - January 10, 1866) was an American chemist, inventor and educator. He became known as an analytical chemist, and his analyses of beer and wines, made at requests of the senate of New York and the temperance societies, were regarded as standard experiments. He was the author of many improvements in tempering steel, distilling, dyeing, and other areas. In 1832 he invented a new system of sugar refining and later an apparatus for manufacturing sugar from the cane. He was the inventor of processes for tanning leather and the manufacture of sugar from West India molasses. He also designed a centrifugal machine for separating molasses from sugar. In 1847, he moved to New Jersey, bought a farm there, near Irvington, and devoted himself to scientific agriculture, particularly fertilizers, drainage, crop rotation and seeding. He was actively popularizing his agricultural methods, via public exhibitions at his farm. He died in 1866 at the age of 59.
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