. A history of mediaeval and modern Europe for secondary schools. ent for an Orientalmonarchy had hardly been tested before the sultan foolishlytried to expel the reformers and restore absolutism. But thearmy deserted him. He was seized in his palace and deposed(1909) and his brother, Mohammed V (a puppet for the 1 The jealousy arose very largely from the ambition of each state to seize theadjacent portions of Turkey (at the next inevitable parceling out of the OttomanEmpire) and from a corresponding fear that its Christian neighbor would growat its expense. 2 As an example of the tyrannical s
. A history of mediaeval and modern Europe for secondary schools. ent for an Orientalmonarchy had hardly been tested before the sultan foolishlytried to expel the reformers and restore absolutism. But thearmy deserted him. He was seized in his palace and deposed(1909) and his brother, Mohammed V (a puppet for the 1 The jealousy arose very largely from the ambition of each state to seize theadjacent portions of Turkey (at the next inevitable parceling out of the OttomanEmpire) and from a corresponding fear that its Christian neighbor would growat its expense. 2 As an example of the tyrannical stupidity of Abdul-Hamids rule may bementioned the fact that in his day Constantinople had no electric lights, becauseelectricity required a dynamo and the sultan feared that this was the same asdynamite, whereof he lived in perpetual dread! 3 Nominally this constitution had been proclaimed in 1876, but it had neverreally been put in force. It is now the formal law of the Ottoman Empire, which,at least on paper, has a more liberal government than that of 544 HISTORY OF EUROPE Young Turk leaders), was placed in his stead. The newregime speedily had to resort to very drastic methods to getitself obeyed in the provinces, but it was ruling with fairsuccess when Turkey again became involved in foreign war. 316. The Balkan War (1912-13). The year 1911 saw thebeginning of a new partitioning of Turkey when Italy, allegingvarious pretexts, seized Tripoli — the last Ottoman provincein The Turks had no navy wherewith to throw rein-forcements into Tripoli, and with Italy controlling the seas,the war lasted only until the Italians could overcome the stub-born but isolated provincial garrison. In 1912, the Turks madepeace, surrendering the disputed land to their enemy; but thisloss was a mere incident to the humiliation about to follow. In 1912, to the amazement of many of the diplomats, theBalkan kingdoms of Bulgaria, Scrvia, Montenegro, and Greeceput aside their hitherto
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